Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the PT Flashcards
Subatomic particle
A particle within an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles.
Electron
A negatively charged subatomic particle having a very small mass that is usually ignored in calculations. its symbol is e.
Found in the outside of the nucleus.
Proton
A positively charged subatomic particle having a mass of 1amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.
Its symbol is p.
Neutron
A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.
Its symbol is n.
Isotope
An atom that differs only in mass number from another atom of the same element.
Isotopes have the same atomic number (number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons.
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic Number
A number that is equal to the number of protons in a atom.
Atomic mass
The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
Atomic mass vs Mass number
Mass number is the counting of number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Since each proton or neutron will be 1atm (atomic mass unit), the counting of them will be just the mass of that one atom (one isotope).
Atomic mass is the average mass of an element considering all isotopes.
Atomic number vs Mass number
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
The mass number is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Metal
An element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. The metals are located to the left of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
Valence electrons
Elements in the outermost shell of an atom.
You can find the number of valence electrons by the Group # on the Periodic Table.
Group
A vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements having similar physical and chemical properties.
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
A small mass unit used to describe the mass of very small particles such as atoms and subatomic particles.
1 amu is equal to the mass of a proton or neutron.
Nucleus
The compact, very dense center of an atom containing the protons and neutrons of an atom.
Alkali Metals
Elements of Group 1A (1) except hydrogen.
They are soft, shiny metals.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2A (2) elements.
Halogen
Group 7A (17) elements of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Noble Gas
An element in Group 8A (18) of the periodic table, generally unreactive and seldom found in combination with other elements.
Representative element
An element found in Groups 1A (1) through 8A (18) excluding B groups (3-12) of the periodic table.
Transition element
An element located between Groups 2A (2) and 3A (13)on the periodic table.
Nonmetal
An element with little or no luster that is poor conductor of heat and electricity. The nonmetals are located to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
Periodic table
An arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns.
Nuclear symbol
An abbreviation used to indicate the mass number and atomic number of an isotope.
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
Metalloid
Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table.
Group number
A number that appears at the top of each vertical column (group) in the parodic table and indicates the number of valence electrons.
Chemical symbol
An abbreviation that represents the name of an element.
