Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the PT

Question 1

Subatomic particle

Answer 1

A particle within an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles.

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

A negatively charged subatomic particle having a very small mass that is usually ignored in calculations. its symbol is e.
Found in the outside of the nucleus.

Question 3

Proton

Answer 3

A positively charged subatomic particle having a mass of 1amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.
Its symbol is p.

Question 4

Neutron

Answer 4

A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.
Its symbol is n.

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

An atom that differs only in mass number from another atom of the same element.

Isotopes have the same atomic number (number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Mass number

Answer 6

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

A number that is equal to the number of protons in a atom.

Question 8

Atomic mass

Answer 8

The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Question 9

Atomic mass vs Mass number

Answer 9

Mass number is the counting of number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Since each proton or neutron will be 1atm (atomic mass unit), the counting of them will be just the mass of that one atom (one isotope).

Atomic mass is the average mass of an element considering all isotopes.

Question 10

Atomic number vs Mass number

Answer 10

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

The mass number is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 11

Metal

Answer 11

An element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. The metals are located to the left of the zigzag line in the periodic table.

Question 12

Valence electrons

Answer 12

Elements in the outermost shell of an atom.

You can find the number of valence electrons by the Group # on the Periodic Table.

Question 13

Group

Answer 13

A vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements having similar physical and chemical properties.

Question 14

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Answer 14

A small mass unit used to describe the mass of very small particles such as atoms and subatomic particles.

1 amu is equal to the mass of a proton or neutron.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The compact, very dense center of an atom containing the protons and neutrons of an atom.

Question 16

Alkali Metals

Answer 16

Elements of Group 1A (1) except hydrogen.
They are soft, shiny metals.

Question 17

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 17

Group 2A (2) elements.

Question 18

Halogen

Answer 18

Group 7A (17) elements of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Question 19

Noble Gas

Answer 19

An element in Group 8A (18) of the periodic table, generally unreactive and seldom found in combination with other elements.

Question 20

Representative element

Answer 20

An element found in Groups 1A (1) through 8A (18) excluding B groups (3-12) of the periodic table.

Question 21

Transition element

Answer 21

An element located between Groups 2A (2) and 3A (13)on the periodic table.

Question 22

Nonmetal

Answer 22

An element with little or no luster that is poor conductor of heat and electricity. The nonmetals are located to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table.

Question 23

Periodic table

Answer 23

An arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns.

Question 24

Nuclear symbol

Answer 24

An abbreviation used to indicate the mass number and atomic number of an isotope.

Question 25

Period

Answer 25

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

Question 26

Metalloid

Answer 26

Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table.

Question 27

Group number

Answer 27

A number that appears at the top of each vertical column (group) in the parodic table and indicates the number of valence electrons.

Question 28

Chemical symbol

Answer 28

An abbreviation that represents the name of an element.