Chapter 2 Measurement

Question 1

The metric system

Answer 1

a measurement system preferred by scientists, is a decimal system in which larger and smaller unites of a quantity are related by factors of 10.

Prefixes are used to designate relationships between the basic unit and larger or smaller units of a quantity.

Question 2

Units in metric system

Answer 2

gram—mass
liter—–volume
meter–length

Question 3

Significant figures

Answer 3

Significant figures in a measurement are those digits that are certain plus a last digit that has been estimated.

Question 4

Scientific Notation

Answer 4

Numbers are expressed in a more compact form as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and 10 raised to a power.

Question 5

Dimensional analysis

Answer 5

A general problem solving method in which the units associated with numbers are used as a guide in setting up calculations.
A given quantity is multiplied by one or more conversion factors in such a manner that the unwanted units are canceled, leaving only the desired units.

Question 6

Density

Answer 6

The ratio of the mass of an object ot the volume occupied by that object.

Question 7

Temperature scales

Answer 7

The three major temperature scales are the Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit.

Question 8

Calculations and significant figures

Answer 8

Calculations should never increase or decrease the precision of experimental measurements.
In multiplication and division, the number of sig. fig. in the answer is the same as that in the measurement containing the fewest sig. fig.
In addition and subtraction, the answer has no more digits to the right of the decimal point than are found in the measurement with the fewest digits to the right of the decimal point.

Question 9

Conversion factor

Answer 9

A factor that is used to change between units, and therefore gives the relationship between two units.

Question 10

Exponent

Answer 10

The exponent of a number says how many times to use that number in a multiplication.

Question 11

Exact number

Answer 11

A number obtained by counting or definition.

Question 12

Gram (g)

Answer 12

The metric unit used in measurements of mass

Question 13

Liter (L)

Answer 13

The metric unit for volume that is slightly larger than a quart.

Question 14

Meter (m)

Answer 14

the metric nut for length that is slightly longer than a yard.

Question 15

Volume

Answer 15

The amount of space occupied by a substance.