Chapter 9 Flashcards
A joint is a point of contact between
Two or more bones, cartilage and bone or teeth and bone
Synarthroses
No movement ex: sutures
Amphiarthroses
Little movement ex: pelvis, intervertebral discs
Diarthroses
Freely moveable ex: hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
Synovial joints
Articulate cartilage on ends of long bones and a synovial cavity between articulating bones surrounded by accessory ligaments; freely moveable
Examples of synovial joints
Hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
Cartilaginous 2
Synchondrosis, hyaline cartilage; no movement and symphysis- fibrocartilage; some movement
Example of synchondrosis structure
Epiphyseal plate
Example of symphysis structure
Pubic symphysis
Fibrous structures
Sutures, dense fibrous - syndesmoses, more dense than fibrous- interosseous membranes- a broad sheet of dense fibrous
Example of syndesmoses
Gomphosis
Examples of interosseous
Between ulna and radius
Characteristics of fibrous joints
Little to no movement, 3 types: sutures, syndesmoses, interosseous membranes, held together with dense fibrous connective tissue, lack a synovial cavity
Characteristics of Cartilaginous Joints
Lack a synovial cavity, bones are held together with cartilage connective tissue, permit little or no movement 2 types: synchondrosis,symphyses
Characteristics to synovial joints
Have a synovial cavity, articulatng bones are covered with articulate cartilage & held together by ligaments, contain synovial fluid, have a nerve and blood supply, are surrounded by an articulate capsule, permit a large range of movement
Bursae
Sac-like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another
Tendon sheaths
Tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons subject to a great deal of friction.
Factors that affect contact and range of motion at synovial joints
1) structure and shape of the articulating bones 2) strength and tautness of the joint ligaments 3) arrangement and tension of the muscles 4) contact or soft parts 4)hormones 5)disuse
As we age, our joints experience…
1) decreased production of synovial fluid 2) thinning of articulating cartilage 3) loss of ligament length and flexibility
Arthroplasty
Joint replacement surgery can be performed to counter some of the effects of aging
