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Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer of the skin

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3
Q

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

A

underneath dermis, attaches the skin to underlying adipose tissues and organs

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce keratin

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5
Q

Keratin

A

a tough fibrous protein that provides protection

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6
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce pigment melanin

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7
Q

Intraepidermal macrophages

A

Involved in immune response

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8
Q

Tactical epithelial cells

A

functions in the sensation of touch

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9
Q

4/5 layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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10
Q

Stratum basale

A

single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cells sitting on the basement membrane

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11
Q

stratum spinosum

A

several layers of keratinocytes thick

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12
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3 to 5 layers of flat keratinocytes

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13
Q

stratum lucidum

A

thin translucent zone seen only in thick skin

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14
Q

stratum corneum

A

up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells

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15
Q

Dendritic langerhans cells

A

macrophages

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16
Q

Thin skin

A

hairy. covers all body regions except the palms, palmar surfaces of digits and soles

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17
Q

Thick skin

A

no hair. covers palms, palmar surfaces of digits and soles

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18
Q

Dermis

A

composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers

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19
Q

papillary region

A

Part of the dermis. Lies just below the epidermis

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20
Q

Reticular region

A

Part of dermis. Consists of dense irregular connective tissue

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21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Red pigment of red blood cells

22
Q

Carotene

A

yellow pigment of vegetables and egg yolks, concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat

23
Q

melanin pigment

A

produced by melanocytes, synthesis is stimulated by UV radiation from sunlight, produces yellow, brown, black and reddish hues

24
Q

Cyanosis

A

blueness resulting from oxygen deficiency

25
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin & sclera due to excess of bilirubin in blood

26
Q

Erythema

A

Redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

27
Q

Bronzing

A

Golden brown color of addison disease, deficiency of glucocorticoid hormone

28
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic lack of melanin

29
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise (visible clotted blood)

30
Q

Superficial sensory receptors

A

type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptors, free nerve endings, corpuscle of touch and hair plexuses

31
Q

Deep sensory receptors

A

lamellated corpuscles

32
Q

Hair composition

A

dead keratinized epidermal cells

33
Q

Hair shaft

A

above the skin

34
Q

Hair follicle

A

below the skin

35
Q

Sebaceous oil glands

A

connected to hair follicles, flask-shaped gland with duct that opens into hair follicle.

36
Q

Cause of acne

A

clogged sebaceous gland

37
Q

Sebum

A

oily secretion containing broken down cells

38
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Most numerous

39
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

located mainly in hairy skin, produce fatty acids, respond to stress and sex

40
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

modified sweat glands located in the ear canal

41
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A

simple tubular gland, millions of these, cool the body

42
Q

bromhidrosis

A

body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids

43
Q

Composition of nails

A

keratinized epidermal cells

44
Q

structure of nails

A

free edge, transparent nail body, nail root

45
Q

Ectoderm forms the

46
Q

Mesoderm forms the

47
Q

Burn

A

tissue damaged caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity or corosive chemicals that denature the proteins in the skin cells

48
Q

first-degree burn

A

involves only the epidermis

49
Q

second-degree burn

A

destroys epidermis and part of the dermis

50
Q

third-degree burn

A

full thickness burn, destroys epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer

A & P (12 decks)

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