Chapter 7

Question 1

Axial skeleton:

Answer 1

Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones) hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), bones of the vertebral column

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton:

Answer 2

Bones of the upper and lower limbs (extermities) bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 3

Sutural bones:

Answer 3

small extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

Question 4

Sutures

Answer 4

Jointed areas where flat bones come together

Question 5

Depressions/Oppenings

Answer 5

Allow the passage of soft tissues and form joints

Question 6

Processes

Answer 6

Projections or outgrowths that form joints and serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons

Question 7

Fissure

Answer 7

Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves

Question 8

Foramen

Answer 8

Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments

Question 9

Fossa

Answer 9

Shallow depression

Question 10

Sulcas

Answer 10

Furrow/groove on a bone for passage of blood vessels, nerve or tendons.

Question 11

Meatus

Answer 11

Tubelike openings

Question 12

Condyle

Answer 12

Rounded projections with a smooth articular surface

Question 13

Facet

Answer 13

Smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface

Question 14

Head

Answer 14

Usually round articular process supported on a neck

Question 15

Crest

Answer 15

Prominent ridge or elongated process

Question 16

Epincodyle

Answer 16

Usually roughened projection on a condyle

Question 17

Line

Answer 17

Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than a crest)

Question 18

Spinous process

Answer 18

sharp, slender projection

Question 19

Tronchanter

Answer 19

Very large projection found ONLY in the female femur

Question 20

Tubercle

Answer 20

Variably sized rounded projection

Question 21

Tuberosity

Answer 21

Variably sized projection with rough bump surface

Question 22

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 22

Mucosal membraned-lined cavities in the frontal, maxillary sphenoid and ethmoid bones. Echo voice and increase surface area on teh nasal mucosa

Question 23

Fontanels

Answer 23

Mesenchyme-filled spaces between cranial bones present at birth. Close up beginning at 6 months of age through 2 years

Question 24

Hyoid Bone

Answer 24

Supports the tongue by attaching to muscles. Situated at the top of the larynx

Question 25

Inter-vertebral Discs

Answer 25

Separate the vertebrae from one another

Question 26

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 26

Support the ribs and have special structures for rib head and tubercle attachement

Question 27

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 27

largest and strongest in vertebral column They support the body’s weight.

Question 28

Triangular-shaped sacrum

Answer 28

composed of 5 vertebrae that begin to fuse togehter between 16 to 18 years of age. Ends at 30 years, part o pelvic girdle

Question 29

Coccyx

Answer 29

Triangular in shape and is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse together between 20 and 30 years of age

Question 30

Sternum/Breastbone

Answer 30

located in the center of anterior thoracic wall. divided into 3 segments. Upper manubrium, middle body and lower xiphoid process.

Question 31

Ribs

Answer 31

12 pairs, provide support to the thoracic cavity.

Question 32

True ribs

Answer 32

1-7 because their cartilage is directly connected to the sternum

Question 33

False ribs

Answer 33

8-12 or 8-10 cartilage is indirectly connected to the sternum

Question 34

Floating ribs

Answer 34

11 and 12- not connected at all

Question 35

Herniated disc

Answer 35

nucleus pulposus is able to leak out due to a tear in the annulus fibrosus

Question 36

Scoliosis

Answer 36

increased lateral curvature

Question 37

Kyphosis

Answer 37

Increased thoracic curve bent forward

Question 38

Lordosis

Answer 38

Increased lumbar curve bent backward

Question 39

Spina bifida

Answer 39

Where the laminae do not develop normally. cyst like sacs protrudes from the spinal column