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MEDT 211 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery, receives blood from left ventricle and branches all over the body

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2
Q

artery

A

vessel that carries blood away from heart, all arteries except the pulmonary and umbilical carry oxygenated blood.

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small vessel that carries blood from arteries to capillaries

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4
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

small mass in right atrium that passes impulses from the SA node toward ventricles

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5
Q

atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

valve between the atrium and ventricle on both sides of heart.
right = tricuspid valve
left = mitral valve

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6
Q

atrium

A

entrance chamber to heart

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7
Q

AV bundle

A

band of fibers that transmit impulses

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8
Q

blood pressure

A

force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

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9
Q

bundle branches

A

Branches of the AV bundle that divide into left and right sides of the interventricular septum

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10
Q

capillary

A

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged through blood and the tissues

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11
Q

cardiovascular system

A

Heart & blood vessels

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12
Q

depolarization

A

a change in electrical charge from resting state in nerves/muscles

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13
Q

diastole

A

Relaxation phase of heartbeat

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14
Q

electrocardiography

A

ECG. Study of electrical current of heart as detected by electrodes on the surface of the body.

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15
Q

endocardium

A

Thin membrane that lines chambers of heart and covers the valves

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16
Q

epicardium

A

thin, outermost layer of the heart wall

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17
Q

functional murmur

A

normal sound produced by heart

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18
Q

heart

A

muscular organ with 4 chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood around the body via blood vessels.

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19
Q

heart rate

A

beats (contractions) per minute = bpm

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20
Q

heart sounds

A

Sounds produced as heart functions. Loudest are the alternate closing of the valves; S1 and S2

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21
Q

inferior vena cava

A

large inferior vein that brings low 02 blood from lower half of body to the right atrium of the heart

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22
Q

left AV valve

A

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.

mitral or bicuspid valve

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23
Q

mitral valve

A

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.

left AV valve or bicuspid valve

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24
Q

myocardium

A

Thick middle layer of heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

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25
Q

pericardium

A

fibrous sac surrounding heart

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26
Q

pulmonary artery

A

vessel that carries blood from right side to lungs

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27
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

system of vessels that carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart

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28
Q

pulmonary veins

A

vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

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29
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve at entrance to pulmonary artery

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30
Q

pulse

A

wave of increased pressure in vessels each time the ventricles contract

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31
Q

purkinje fibers

A

carry impulses through walls of ventricles

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32
Q

repolarization

A

return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves and muscles

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33
Q

right AV valve

A

valve between right atrium and right ventricle (tricuspid valve)

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34
Q

septum

A

a wall dividing two cavities (wall between chambers of heart)

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35
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal heart rhythm

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36
Q

sinoatrial SA node

A

small mass in right atrium that initiates impulse for each heartbeat (pacemaker)

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37
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

an instrument for determining arterial blood pressure

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38
Q

superior vena cava

A

large superior vein that brings blood low in 02 to back to right atrium from upper body

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39
Q

systemic circuit

A

system of vessels that bring oxygenated blood from left side of heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to right side of heart

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40
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of heartbeat cycle

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41
Q

valve

A

structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction

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42
Q

vein

A

vessel that carries blood back to heart, all except the pulmonary vein and umbilical vein care low oxygenated blood

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43
Q

ventricle

A

small cavity, one of the two lower pumping chambers of the heard

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44
Q

venule

A

small vessel that carries blood from capillaries to veins

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45
Q

vessel

A

tube or duct to transport fluid

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46
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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47
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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48
Q

ventricul/o

A

cavity, ventricle

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49
Q

valv/o

A

valve

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50
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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51
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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52
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

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53
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel, duct

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54
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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55
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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56
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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57
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

58
Q

ven/o

A

vein

59
Q

ven/i

A

vein

60
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

61
Q

hemangi/o

A

blood vessel

62
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal dilation or bursting of blood vessel caused by weakness of vessel wall (usually artery)

63
Q

angina pectoris

A

feeling of constriction around heart or pain that may radiate to left arm/shoulder brought on by exertion, caused by insufficient blood supply to heart

64
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rate

65
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries, loss of elasticity from fatty deposits, calcium salts or scar tissue

66
Q

atherosclerosis

A

development of fatty deposits lining arteries causing narrowing of lumen and hardening of wall

67
Q

ather/o

A

porridge, gruel

ex. atherosclerosis - fatty patches that cause arteries to harden

68
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate, less than 60 bmp

69
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

CVA, damage to brain from reduction in blood flow

70
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

localized narrowing of aorta with restricted blood flow

71
Q

C-reactive protein

A

CRP, protein produced during systemic inflammation (contributes to atherosclerosis, high CRP levels indicate cardiovascular disease)

72
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

inflammation of the deep veins, associated with blood clots

73
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers

74
Q

dyslipidemia

A

disorder in serum lipid levels which leads to atherosclerosis (hyperlipidemia = high lipid levels, hypercholesterolemia = high cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia = high triglycerides)

75
Q

dyspnea

A

labored breathing

76
Q

edema

A

swelling

77
Q

embolism

A

obstruction of blood vessel (usually blood clot)

78
Q

fibrillation

A

spontaneous contraction of ventricle or atria muscles

79
Q

heart block

A

interference in the electrical conduction in heart, leads to arrhythmia

80
Q

heart failure

A

heart’s inability to maintain adequate blood circulation

81
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicose vein in the rectum

82
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

83
Q

infarct

A

area of dead tissue (necrosis) resulting from a blockage or narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

84
Q

ischemia

A

deficient blood supply to a localized area caused by circulatory obstruction

85
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

86
Q

myocardial infarction

A

MI.

area of dead tissue (necrosis) in cardiac muscle due to blockage or narrowing of artery

87
Q

occlusion

A

closing off, or obstruction of vessel

88
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

Ductus arteriosus is a vessel that allows the blood to bypass the lungs of a fetus, once the baby is born and air enters the lungs this vessel should close, if the vessel persists after birth is causes abnormal blood flow

89
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

90
Q

plaque

A

A patch of fatty deposit on a vessel wall that impede flow and block it up.

91
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus, the antibodies produced to fight the infection leave scarring in the valves

92
Q

septal defect

A

An opening in the septum between atria or ventricles, commonly the persistence of the foramen ovale (an opening to bypass the lungs in a fetus) after the baby is born

93
Q

shock

A

circulatory failure resulting in inadequate blood supply to tissues

94
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

caused by heart failure

95
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

caused by loss of blood volume

96
Q

septic shock

A

caused by bacterial infection

97
Q

stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing of an opening

98
Q

stroke

A

damage to brain resulting from reduction of blood flow

99
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness due to inadequate blood flow to brain

100
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heart rate, over 100bpm

101
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein = blood clot

102
Q

thrombosis

A

development of a blood clot

103
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

104
Q

varicose vein

A

a twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood and chronic dilation of the vessel

105
Q

ablation

A

removal or destruction.

a catheter is used to destroy part of the heards conduction pathway to correct arrhythmia

106
Q

angioplasty

A

procedure to reopen a narrowed vessel and restore blood flow.
ex. removing plaque, inflating balloon within vessel or using a ‘stent’ to keep vessel open

107
Q

artificial pacemaker

A

battery operated device that generates electrical impulses to regulate heartbeat

108
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

CPR.
Restoration of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation after cardiac arrest using artificial respiration and chest compressions

109
Q

cardioversion

A

correction of an abnormal cardiac rhythm (with drugs or electric current)

110
Q

coronary angiography

A

radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an opaque dye by means of catheter threaded through blood vessels into heart

111
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

CABG
surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked coronary artery, the aorta is reconnected to a point past the obstruction using a piece of another vessel.

112
Q

coronary calcium scan

A

heart scan

Method for viewing vessel narrowing calcium deposits in coronary arteries.

113
Q

creatine kinase MB

A

CK-MB
Enzyme released in increased amounts from cardiac muscle cells following myocardial infarction, helps to diagnose MI and determine extent of muscle damage.

114
Q

CT angiography

A

CTA

Computed tomography scan used to view vessels in heart and other organs by injecting small amount of dye into arm.

115
Q

defibrillation

A

Use of electronic device to deliver a brief electric shock to the heart in order to restore normal contractions of the heart

116
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound to view internal cardiac structures

117
Q

lipoprotein

A

a compound of protein with lipid.
Classified according to density, VLDL = very low density, LDL = low density and HDL= high density. Higher levels of HDL are correlated with good cardiovascular health

118
Q

percutaneous transluminal coranary angioplasty

A

PTCAD
dialation of sclerotic blood vessel by means of inflating a balloon catheter inside the vessel in attempt so flatten the plaque against the wall.

119
Q

stent

A

A small metal device in shape of coil or slotted tube that is placed inside a vessel after a balloon angioplasty

120
Q

stress test

A

evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring during exercise

121
Q

thalium stress test

A

thalium is injected to trace blood flow during exercise test.

122
Q

troponin

A

Tn

A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction, increased levels indicate recent myocardial infarction (MI)

123
Q

appendix

A

small mass of lymphoid tissue attached to start of large intestine

124
Q

lymph

A

thin, plasma like fluid that drains from tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels

125
Q

lymph node

A

small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel that filters lymph

126
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic system

127
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

128
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessel

129
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

130
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

131
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

132
Q

lymphatic system

A

system that drains fluid/proteins from tissues and returns them to bloodstream, participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from digestive tract

133
Q

peyer patches

A

collection of lymphoid tissue in lining of intestine

134
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

lymphatic duct that drains fluid from body’s upper right side

135
Q

spleen

A

large red/brown organ in upper left region of abdomen, filters blood and destroys old red blood cells

136
Q

thoracic duct

A

lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of lower body (left lymphatic duct)

137
Q

thymus

A

a lymphoid organ in the upper chest beneath the sternum, functions in immunity

138
Q

tonsils

A

small masses of lymphoid tissue located in regions of the throat

139
Q

lymphadenitis

A

infection causing inflammation/enlargement of lymph nodes

140
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection

141
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels

142
Q

lymphoma

A

and neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue

MEDT 211 (20 decks)

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