Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
A
(cerebral concussion)
-signs/symps: headache, nausea, vomiting, and sleepiness
2
Q
Second Impact Syndrome
A
- athlete’s brain rapidly swells, bleeds significantly, and herniates due to a 2nd cerebral concussion
- life threatening
3
Q
Cerebral Contusion
A
- (Intracerebral Bleeding) brain is bruised, intracerebral bleeding occurs, and blood leaks into the brain tissue
- caused by blow to head
4
Q
Epidural Hematoma
A
traumatic brain injury that occurs when artery or vein is damaged and blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater (above)
5
Q
Subdural Hematoma
A
- rapid accumulation of blood on the brain caused by serious or very mild trauma (below)
- acute v chronic: speed of blood filling brain
6
Q
skull fracture
A
- Simple, linear, depressed, and compound
- Caused by significant blow to head
- Signs/symps: deformity, external head bleeding, clear fluid mixed w/ blood coming out of ear or nose
7
Q
Facial Fractures: Zygomatic, Maxilla, and Mandible
A
- Occur due to direct, traumatic impact to the face
- signs and symps: pain, deformity, ecchymosis, swelling, inward depression of bone, and lacerations
8
Q
orbital fracture
A
- Caused by a direct blow to eye
- Signs/symps: sunken or bulging eye, inability to look in various directions, blurred vision, swelling, deformity, raccoon eyes, and bleeding
9
Q
hyphema
A
- Blood that accumulates in anterior chamber of eye
- Caused by a direct blow to the eye
- Signs/symps: blood accumulating in eye’s anterior chamber, pain, light sensitivity, and blurred vision
10
Q
Conjunctivitis
A
- “pink eye”; inflammation of the lining of the eye
- caused by viral infection, bacteria, fungi, allergies, chemicals, and contact lenses
- Signs/symps: redness, pink color in eye’s sclera, itching, pain, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and significant eye discharge
11
Q
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) Rupture
A
- Perforation in tissue caused by direct blow to the ear, infection, foreign object, a pressure change, or extremely loud noise
- signs/symps: visible hole, hearing difficulty/loss, discomfort/pain, and possible leakage of fluid, pus, or blood
12
Q
Auricular Hematoma (Cauliflower Ear)
A
- Outer ear cartilage deformity
- Due to constant friction or direct, blunt trauma
- signs/symps: pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, visual disturbances, headache, cauliflower deformation appearance, warmth, and swelling
13
Q
Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear)
A
- infection of outer ear canal
- water remains in outer ear canal after bathing or swimming
- sits in the canal and bacteria grow
- signs/symps: itching, mild discomfort, redness of outer ear canal and possibly a slight discharge
14
Q
Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
A
- bacteria or viruses trapped in middle ear
- signs/symps: pain, sore throat, fluid drainage from ear, muffled hearing, difficulty sleeping, and low-grade fever
- Usually heal without treatment
15
Q
nose fracture
A
- possible head/neck injury
- Caused by blunt force trauma
- signs/symps: pain, difficulty breathing, epistaxis, deformity, point tenderness, and swelling
16
Q
Epistaxis
A
- nose bleed
- Caused by direct trauma, allergies, dry nasal passages, continual inflammation from colds, picking nose, and drugs snorted
- signs/symps: external nasal bleeding, difficulty breathing, pain, and swelling
17
Q
tooth fracture
A
- broken tooth caused by direct blow, falling on face or mouth, or biting down on hard food
- signs/symps: pain, sensitivity to cold or pressure, possible bleeding, and tooth displacement
18
Q
tooth subluxation
A
- tooth knocked loose by direct blow but not knocked out of socket
- signs/symps: bleeding, tenderness, and swelling
19
Q
tooth luxation
A
- tooth displacement caused by direct blow to or fall on face, mouth, or teeth
- signs/symps similar to subluxations of teeth, except displacement will be visible
20
Q
tooth avulsion
A
- tooth knocked out of socket
- same cause as subluxation or luxation.
- signs/symps: empty socket, bleeding, swelling, and significant pain
