Chapter 11 - Core Body

Question 1

Posture

Answer 1

+positioning and arrangement of body parts in relation to each other
+evaluate posture: utilize plumb line and examine from anterior, posterior, and lateral views

Question 2

fractures and dislocations of cervical(7) spine

Answer 2

+among most serious and damaging injuries to body
+injury to atlas or axis can be life threatening if spinal cord is severed in conjunction w/ fracture
+caused by direct impact to top of head, when neck is in approximately 30 degrees of flexion
+signs/symps: bony spinal pain, inability and unwillingness to move head and neck, loss of function and/or sensation through arms and legs.
-dont allow patient to move, maintain in-line stabilization, treat for shock, check ABC’s, 911

Question 3

spinal cord and nerve injuries

Answer 3

+due to blow to top of the head, fall on head, or patient w/ small vertebral foramen
+affects motor function and sensation from the arms to the legs, breathing difficulty, cardiac arrest, or death if spinal cord severed at atlas or axis levels
+may be conscious and breathing, possible paralysis in extremities, as well as pain, incontinence, and muscle spasm

Question 4

herniated disk

Answer 4

+not usually acute traumatic mechanism of injury, but prone to tearing and rupturing w/ spinal movements
+Often no signs/symps, but can cause pain, loss of function and sensation, numbness, tingling, or burning down arms and legs

Question 5

sprains and strains of back

Answer 5

+tend to occur concurrently
+same signs/symps as other sprain or strain
+ice area and take over-the-counter NSAIDs.

Question 6

Acute Torticollis (Wryneck)

Answer 6

+sudden, painful neck muscle spasm caused by acutely bending or twisting neck, stress, muscular tension, or sleeping in unusual position
+neck pain, stiffness, and holding head to opposite side of pain

Question 7

Spondylolysis

Answer 7

+lumbar vertebra stress fracture
+caused by hyperextension activities or genetics
+signs/symps: spasm, pain across low back, radiating pain, burning, tingling, or numbness down legs

Question 8

spondylolisthesis

Answer 8

lumbar vertebra stress fracture when vertebral body slides forward on the surrounding vertebrae

Question 9

rib fracture

Answer 9

+caused by a direct blow, repetitive twisting of the torso, or coughing spells
+pain on inspiration, point tenderness, and crepitus
+ice packs and NSAIDs

Question 10

Pneumothorax

Answer 10

+collapsed lung caused by object puncturing lung

+shortness of breath, pain when breathing, chest pain, lightheadedness, rapid heart rate, and low BP

Question 11

Hemothorax

Answer 11

+pleural space fills w/ blood due to blunt trauma

+signs/symps: rapid, shallow breathing, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, low BP, chest pain, and signs of shock

Question 12

asthma

Answer 12

+respiratory tract airways become inflamed due to breathing in an allergen or trigger
+shortness of breath, wheezing, anxiety, coughing, chest tightness, and rapid pulse

Question 13

Hyperventilation

Answer 13

+blood contains low levels of CO2 due breathing quickly and deeply for a period of time, or if the patient has infection, lung or cardiac disease, stress, or severe bleeding
+signs/symps: panic, lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, chest pain, heart palpitations, and dry mouth

Question 14

Sudden Cardiac Death Syndrome

Answer 14

+patient dies unexpectedly from cardiac arrest
+caused by cardiac disease and illnesses like: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, viral myocarditis, aortic valve stenosis, or drug-induced electrolyte imbalance
+signs/symps: chest pain, breathing difficulty, confusion, sweaty skin, and unsteadiness.
+call 911 immediately, check ABC’s, CPR, AED

Question 15

Commotio Cordis

Answer 15

+sudden death due to a disruption in the heart’s electrical conductivity
+occur when struck by object at sternum
+patient will be unconscious, not breathing, w/out pulse, and cyanotic

Question 16

heart murmur

Answer 16

+extra or unusual sounds that occur when heart beats
+unknown cause, but typically are congenital in children, due to heart damage or valve disease
+often no signs/symps exist, but may have shortness of breath during exertion, excessive sweating w/out cause, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting, and chest pain

Question 17

kidney contussion

Answer 17

+caused by blunt force trauma
+signs/symps: back pain, and possibly in abdomen, nausea, difficulty breathing, vomiting, blood in urine (hematuria), ecchymosis, and swelling

Question 18

kidney stones

Answer 18

+formed over a period of wks or months due to urine containing too much calcium or uric acid
+causes agonizing back pain, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, and hematuria or abnormal urine color

Question 19

Appendicitis

Answer 19

+inflammation of appendix that does not have a definitive cause
+patient feels pain at lower right abdomen at McBurney’s point, low-grade (99°F) fever, nausea, and vomiting

Question 20

spleen injury

Answer 20

+life-threatening injury caused by blunt force and direct trauma
+severe pain at upper left portion of the abdomen, left shoulder pain, nausea, vomiting, shock, abdominal muscle guarding and rigidity, difficulty breathing, and faintness exist

Question 21

Mononucleosis

Answer 21

+caused by Epstein-Barr virus, which is passed through saliva; contagious
+flu-like symptoms including fever, extreme fatigue and weakness, sore throat, headache, loss of appetite, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen exist

Question 22

Blow to the Solar Plexus

Answer 22

+direct blow to solar plexus causes a temporary paralysis of diaphragm.
+patient is unable to breathe, gasps for breath, becomes anxious, and begins to panic

Question 23

stitch in side

Answer 23

pain and/or cramping, which has no definitive cause, on the side of the body

Question 24

hernia

Answer 24

+abdominal, hiatal, inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias may not have a direct cause
+visible bulge at the site exists, but the pain does not have pain

Question 25

pelvic stress fracture

Answer 25

+typically occur to femoral neck and pubic ramus due to repetitive bounding and overload on pelvis
+pain, which increases w/ activity and resolves w/ rest, point tenderness, and loss of function exist

Question 26

hip pointer

Answer 26

+contused iliac crest due to a direct blow

+signs/symps: pain, ecchymosis, and swelling at the area