Chapter 11 - Core Body Flashcards
Posture
+positioning and arrangement of body parts in relation to each other
+evaluate posture: utilize plumb line and examine from anterior, posterior, and lateral views
fractures and dislocations of cervical(7) spine
+among most serious and damaging injuries to body
+injury to atlas or axis can be life threatening if spinal cord is severed in conjunction w/ fracture
+caused by direct impact to top of head, when neck is in approximately 30 degrees of flexion
+signs/symps: bony spinal pain, inability and unwillingness to move head and neck, loss of function and/or sensation through arms and legs.
-dont allow patient to move, maintain in-line stabilization, treat for shock, check ABC’s, 911
spinal cord and nerve injuries
+due to blow to top of the head, fall on head, or patient w/ small vertebral foramen
+affects motor function and sensation from the arms to the legs, breathing difficulty, cardiac arrest, or death if spinal cord severed at atlas or axis levels
+may be conscious and breathing, possible paralysis in extremities, as well as pain, incontinence, and muscle spasm
herniated disk
+not usually acute traumatic mechanism of injury, but prone to tearing and rupturing w/ spinal movements
+Often no signs/symps, but can cause pain, loss of function and sensation, numbness, tingling, or burning down arms and legs
sprains and strains of back
+tend to occur concurrently
+same signs/symps as other sprain or strain
+ice area and take over-the-counter NSAIDs.
Acute Torticollis (Wryneck)
+sudden, painful neck muscle spasm caused by acutely bending or twisting neck, stress, muscular tension, or sleeping in unusual position
+neck pain, stiffness, and holding head to opposite side of pain
Spondylolysis
+lumbar vertebra stress fracture
+caused by hyperextension activities or genetics
+signs/symps: spasm, pain across low back, radiating pain, burning, tingling, or numbness down legs
spondylolisthesis
lumbar vertebra stress fracture when vertebral body slides forward on the surrounding vertebrae
rib fracture
+caused by a direct blow, repetitive twisting of the torso, or coughing spells
+pain on inspiration, point tenderness, and crepitus
+ice packs and NSAIDs
Pneumothorax
+collapsed lung caused by object puncturing lung
+shortness of breath, pain when breathing, chest pain, lightheadedness, rapid heart rate, and low BP
Hemothorax
+pleural space fills w/ blood due to blunt trauma
+signs/symps: rapid, shallow breathing, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, low BP, chest pain, and signs of shock
asthma
+respiratory tract airways become inflamed due to breathing in an allergen or trigger
+shortness of breath, wheezing, anxiety, coughing, chest tightness, and rapid pulse
Hyperventilation
+blood contains low levels of CO2 due breathing quickly and deeply for a period of time, or if the patient has infection, lung or cardiac disease, stress, or severe bleeding
+signs/symps: panic, lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, chest pain, heart palpitations, and dry mouth
Sudden Cardiac Death Syndrome
+patient dies unexpectedly from cardiac arrest
+caused by cardiac disease and illnesses like: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, viral myocarditis, aortic valve stenosis, or drug-induced electrolyte imbalance
+signs/symps: chest pain, breathing difficulty, confusion, sweaty skin, and unsteadiness.
+call 911 immediately, check ABC’s, CPR, AED
Commotio Cordis
+sudden death due to a disruption in the heart’s electrical conductivity
+occur when struck by object at sternum
+patient will be unconscious, not breathing, w/out pulse, and cyanotic
heart murmur
+extra or unusual sounds that occur when heart beats
+unknown cause, but typically are congenital in children, due to heart damage or valve disease
+often no signs/symps exist, but may have shortness of breath during exertion, excessive sweating w/out cause, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting, and chest pain
kidney contussion
+caused by blunt force trauma
+signs/symps: back pain, and possibly in abdomen, nausea, difficulty breathing, vomiting, blood in urine (hematuria), ecchymosis, and swelling
kidney stones
+formed over a period of wks or months due to urine containing too much calcium or uric acid
+causes agonizing back pain, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, and hematuria or abnormal urine color
Appendicitis
+inflammation of appendix that does not have a definitive cause
+patient feels pain at lower right abdomen at McBurney’s point, low-grade (99°F) fever, nausea, and vomiting
spleen injury
+life-threatening injury caused by blunt force and direct trauma
+severe pain at upper left portion of the abdomen, left shoulder pain, nausea, vomiting, shock, abdominal muscle guarding and rigidity, difficulty breathing, and faintness exist
Mononucleosis
+caused by Epstein-Barr virus, which is passed through saliva; contagious
+flu-like symptoms including fever, extreme fatigue and weakness, sore throat, headache, loss of appetite, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen exist
Blow to the Solar Plexus
+direct blow to solar plexus causes a temporary paralysis of diaphragm.
+patient is unable to breathe, gasps for breath, becomes anxious, and begins to panic
stitch in side
pain and/or cramping, which has no definitive cause, on the side of the body
hernia
+abdominal, hiatal, inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias may not have a direct cause
+visible bulge at the site exists, but the pain does not have pain
pelvic stress fracture
+typically occur to femoral neck and pubic ramus due to repetitive bounding and overload on pelvis
+pain, which increases w/ activity and resolves w/ rest, point tenderness, and loss of function exist
hip pointer
+contused iliac crest due to a direct blow
+signs/symps: pain, ecchymosis, and swelling at the area
