Chapter 9 Flashcards
symbol
Something that stands for something else. A symbol signals the presence of an important domain of experience.
language
The system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode one’s experience of the world and of others.
linguistics
The scientific study of language.
**grammar
A set of rules that aim to describe fully the patterns of linguistic usage observed by members of a particular speech community.
linguistic competence
A term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the mastery of adult grammar.
communicative competence
A term coined by anthropological linguist Dell Hymes to refer to the mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech.
linguistic relativity principle
A position, associated with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, that asserts that language has the power to shape the way people see the world.
pragmatics
The study of language in the context of its use.
**discourse
A stretch of speech longer than a sentence united by a common theme.
ethnopragmatics
The study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both constituted by and constitutive of social interaction.
pidgin
A language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages.
**language ideology
A marker of struggles between social groups with different interests, revealed in what people say and how they say it.
perception
The processes by which people organize and experience information that is primarily of sensory origin.
schemas
Patterned, repetitive experiences.
prototypes
Examples of a typical instance, element, relation, or experience within a culturally relevant semantic domain.
