Chapter 9 Flashcards
symbol
Something that stands for something else. A symbol signals the presence of an important domain of experience.
language
The system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode one’s experience of the world and of others.
linguistics
The scientific study of language.
**grammar
A set of rules that aim to describe fully the patterns of linguistic usage observed by members of a particular speech community.
linguistic competence
A term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the mastery of adult grammar.
communicative competence
A term coined by anthropological linguist Dell Hymes to refer to the mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech.
linguistic relativity principle
A position, associated with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, that asserts that language has the power to shape the way people see the world.
pragmatics
The study of language in the context of its use.
**discourse
A stretch of speech longer than a sentence united by a common theme.
ethnopragmatics
The study of language use that relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both constituted by and constitutive of social interaction.
pidgin
A language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages.
**language ideology
A marker of struggles between social groups with different interests, revealed in what people say and how they say it.
perception
The processes by which people organize and experience information that is primarily of sensory origin.
schemas
Patterned, repetitive experiences.
prototypes
Examples of a typical instance, element, relation, or experience within a culturally relevant semantic domain.
cognition
(1) The mental process by which human beings gain knowledge. (2) The nexus of relations between the mind at work and the world in which it works.
socialization/enculturation
The learning process by which individuals develop the skills they need to interact successfully with other members of the social groups to which they belong and come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling that are considered appropriate in their respective cultures.
worldviews
Encompassing pictures of reality created by the members of societies.
**self
The result of the process of socialization/enculturation for an individual.
personality
The relative integration of an individual’s perceptions, motives, cognitions, and behavior within a sociocultural matrix.
subjectivity
“The felt interior experience of the person that includes his or her positions in a field of relational power.” (Das and Kleinman 2000)
MORE SHIT
MISSING
linguistic inequality
view that certain ways of speaking are standard and others are defective/inferior.african american english challenged from this perspective
symbols
word action or image that stands for something else
language revitalization?
?
language design features?
?
language patterning?
?
call systems?
cas?
speech communities?
?
creole?
?
