Chapter 5 Species

Question 1

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Answer 1

EARLY HOM.
(East Africa): 6-7 million years old.
from Chad.

Question 2

Orrorin tugenensis

Answer 2

EARLY HOM.

(East Africa): about 6 million years old. From Kenya.

Question 3

Ardipithecus kadabba

Answer 3

EARLY HOM.
(East Africa): 5.8 – 5.2 million years old.
From Ethopia.

Question 4

Ardipithecus ramidus

Answer 4

EARLY HOM.
(East Africa): 5.8-4.4 million years old,
From Ethiopia.

Question 5

Australopithecus anamensis

Answer 5

4.2 – 3.9 million years, large canine teeth, thick molar tooth enamel, bipedal.

Question 6

**Australopithecus afarensis

Answer 6

(3.9 – 3.0 million years)
LUCY! From Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, East Africa
Selam! Used unerupted adult teeth to determine approx age of death

Question 7

**Australopithecus africanus aka?

Answer 7

3.0 – 2.0 million years

GRACILE Australopiths

Question 8

Australopithecus aethiopicus

Answer 8

2.6 – 2.3 million years

Question 9

Australopithecus robustus

Answer 9

2.0 – 1.5 million years

Question 10

**Homo habilis

Answer 10

Homo habilis
Large brain (680 cm3)
First found in Olduvai Gorge
Name translates as “handy man”
First clear tool production
Oldowan tradition

Question 11

**Homo Erectus

Answer 11

Homo Erectus
Larger brains than earlier hominins
1000 cm3
Within range of modern humans
First hominin to spread out of Africa into Europe and Asia
Less sexual dimorphism
-Oldest, completest, found in Kenya, Juvenile Male, REALLY TALL
-PEKING MAN, Zhoukoudian

Question 12

Homo. Ergaster

Answer 12

Some (minority of scientists) recognize H. erectus for Asian specimens, H. ergaster for African specimens. Most recognize a single species (as we do in this course) African specimens more “primitive”, earlier – Asian specimens more “derived”, later.

Question 13

**Homo neanderthalensis

Answer 13

130,000 ‑ 35,000 years ago. 
Europe and Near East/SW Asia.
Large brains – larger than Homo sapiens
Big bodies
Occipital bun
Cold adapted

Question 14

Homo heidelbergensis

Answer 14

Some categorize African and European archaic Homo sapiens as Homo heidelbergensis.
shared ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans

Question 15

Homo Sapiens

Answer 15

Dates - 40 000 to 10 000 BP (varies)
Period of final glacial advance in Pleistocene Ice Ages 
Homo sapiens sapiens
Reduced brow ridges
Vertical forehead
Unique pelvis
More gracile
Associated with increase in art

Question 16

A. Boisei

Answer 16

(2.1 - 1.1 mya)

Question 17

A. Sediba..

Answer 17

2.0-1.5 mya)

Question 18

A. Garhi

Answer 18

2.5 mya

Question 19

A. Bahrelghazali

Answer 19

(3.5 mya�)

Question 20

Australopithecine Traits Gracile (A. AFRICANUS!)

Answer 20

Gracile
Small faces
Enlarged molars
Chimpanzee-size brains

Question 21

Australopithecine Traits Robust

Answer 21

Robust
Large jaws and jaw muscles
Flat faces
Enormous molars
Chimpanzee-size brains

Question 22

What were some Home Erectus firsts, and what kind of tools did they use?

Answer 22

• FIRST TO MOVE OUT OF AFRICA
• FIRST USE OF FIRE
• Has Acheulian Tools! (Flakes, Axes)

Question 23

Where good digups of Homo Erectus?

Answer 23

• Oldest, completest, found in Kenya, Juvenile Male, REALLY TALL
• PEKING MAN, Zhoukoudian
• Also largest collection of Erectus in general

Question 24

What tools Neanderthals use?

Answer 24

Mousterian Technology

Question 25

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 25

Dates - 40 000 to 10 000 BP (varies)
Period of final glacial advance in Pleistocene Ice Ages 
Homo sapiens sapiens
Reduced brow ridges
Vertical forehead
Unique pelvis
More gracile
Associated with increase in art
BLADE TECHNOLOGY

Question 26

Middle Paleolithic

Answer 26

200 – 40 kya.
Neanderthals
Mousterian technology
Hunting and gathering.

Question 27

In the film “Neanderthals on Trial”, the most recent common ancestor to modern humans and Neanderthals lived:

Answer 27

500,000 years ago

Question 28

Anatomically modern human beings are about how many years old?

Answer 28

200,000 years old