Chapter 9 Flashcards
Special class of DNA cutting enzymes that exist in many bacteria Destroy bacteriophage DNA in bacteria cells that is why bacteriophages infect selected bacteria that do not produce specific restriction enzyme to kill the bacteriophages
Restriction enzymes
Recombinant DNA is a DNA. Molecule produced by recombination that occurs naturally through transformation, conjugation, and transduction
Biotechnology & Recombinant DNA
Carry DNA to desired cell Plasmid and viruses Self replicating Circular DNA R factor plasmids preferred Restriction enzymes are used to insert desired DNA into the vector
Vectors
Can exist in several different species and are used to move cloned sequence of DNA among different organism like Bactria, fungi, plants, mammals, yeast
Vectors
DNA in viral cloned inside the host
Vectors
Retroviruses
Adenovirus
Herpesviruses
Human gene therapy
To make multiple copies of a piece of DNA enzymatically Clone DNA for recombination Amplify DNA to detectable levels Diagnose genetic disease 2 cycles Sequence DNA
PCR
Transformation Electroproration Protoplast Micro injection Gene gun
DNA insertion
Procedure in which cell can pick up DNA from surrounding environment
E. Coli yeast, mammalian are not competent
Transformation
Process uses electrical current to form microscope pores in the membrane of the cell through the pores
Applicable to all cells
Protoplasm
Electroporation
Protoplast fuse at slow rate In solution of polyethylene glycerol
DNA of cells may undergo natural recombination
Plant algal cells may be genetically manipulated this way
Protoplast fusion
Direct way of inserting DNA into an animal cell
Microinjection
Can also be used to insert DNA coated bullets of tungsten or hold I to a cell with the help of burst if helium
Gene gun
Made from mRNA by reverse transcriptase
mRNA no introns
cRNA
Process in which DNA is made from mRNA by reverse transcriptase.
Reverse transcriptase
