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Microbiology > Chap1 > Flashcards

Chap1 Flashcards

0
Q 
Bacteria
Archae
Fungi 
Protozoa 
Algae 
Viruses
A

Types of microorganisms

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1
Q

Bionomial nomenclature established in 1735

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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2
Q

Unicellular
Prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan
Binary fission

A

Bacteria

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3
Q 
Prokaryotes 
May have cell walls 
Found in extreme environments
Methanogens 
Halophiles 
Thermopiles
A

Archae

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4
Q 
Eukaryotes 
Have cell wall composed of Chitin
Fungi-molds-mushrooms
Reproduce sexually or asexually 
Absorb organic material from environment
A

Fungi

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5
Q 
Unicellular 
Eukaryotes 
Pseudopods 
Asexually or sexually 
Ingest organic material from environment
A

Protozoa

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6
Q 
Unicellular or multicellular 
Eukaryotes 
Sexually or asexually 
Cell wall composed of cellulose 
Photosynthesizers 
Produce molecular oxygen and carbohydrates
A

Algae

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7
Q

Multicellular eukaryotes

Parasitic flatworms/roundworms

A

Helminths

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8
Q

Acellular
Core Contains DNA OR RNA
Surrounded by protein coat
Obligate intercellular parasites

A

Viruses

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9
Q

All living things are composed of cells and come from pre-existing cells

A

Cell theory

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10
Q

Life’s smallest structural units are cells
Slice of cork
First observation marked cell theory

A

Robert Hooke 1665

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11
Q

Theory that some form of life could arise spontaneously from nonlivin matter

A

Spontaneous generation

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12
Q

Hypothesis that living organisms arose from pre-existing life

A

Biogenesis

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13
Q

Demonstrated that maggots do not arise from decaying meat

A

Francisco Redi

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14
Q

Challenged spontaneous generation
Said cells arose from pre-existing cells
Biogenesis

A

1858

Rudolf Virchow

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15
Q

Microorganisms develop spontaneously from the fluid
Used nutrient broth
In favor for spontaneous generation

A

John Needham 1745

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16
Q

Showed that nutrient broths heated after being sealed in a flask did not develop microbial growth

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani 1765

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17
Q

Disapproved of spontaneous generation
Microbes can be present in nonliving matter
Hear destroys microbes
Aseptic technique

A

Louis Pasteur 1861

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18
Q

Microbes responsible fermentation
Microbial growth spoils food
Bacteria that use alcohol and produce acetic acid spoil wine by turning it to vinegar

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine

A

Fermentation

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20
Q

Application of high hear for short period of time

A

Pasteurization

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21
Q

Demonstrated physicians who did not disinfect hands transmitted puerperal or childbirth fever from one patient to another

A

Ignaz Semmelweis 1840

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22
Q

Carbolic phenol acid kills microbes

Microbes cause surgical wound infection.

A

Joseph Lister 1860

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23
Q

Discovered cause of Anthrax
First to prove bacteria cause disease
Sequence of experiments called Koch Postulates used to prove particular microorganisms cause particular disease
Proved germ theory of disease

A

Robert Koch 1876

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24
Q

Protection from disease provided by vaccination

A

Immunity

25
Q

Chemotheraputic agents prepared naturally by bacteria and fungi or kill other microbes

A

Antibiotics

26
Q

Destroy pathogens without harming host

Found first synthetic drug called Salvarsan that was an arsenic derivative provided salivation from syphillis

A

Paul Ehrlich

27
Q

Accidentally got mold on culture plates of bacteria. Noticed chemical produces by mold inhibited growth of bacteria and named is penicillin which is first none antibiotic

A

Alexander Fleming

28
Q

Bacterium discovered by Heide Shultz. That is visible with unaided eye. It consumes hydrogen sulfide which is toxic for animals

A

Thiomargaritza namibiensis

29
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

30
Q

Reported disease cause by very small micron in Tabasco called modish virus
Electron microscope made virus observation possible

A

Dmitri Iwanowski 1892

31
Q

Study if immunity.

Vaccines and interferons are investigated to prevent and cure viral disease

A

Immunology

32
Q

study of how microbes inherit traits

A

Microbial genetics

33
Q

Study of how DNA directs protein synthesis

A

Molecular biology

34
Q

Study of an organisms genes m. Had provided tools for classifying microorganisms

A

Genomics

35
Q

DNA made from two different sources

A

Recombinant DNA

36
Q

Microbes normally present on and in human body
Generally do no harm
Produce growth factors of folic acid, vitamin K and b

A

Normal microbiota

37
Q

Beneficial microbes remove harmful and undesirable components
Liquids bad organic material converted by bacteria into CO2, nitrates, phosphates, sulfate a, ammonia, methane, h2s

A

Sewage treatment

38
Q

Using microbes to clean up pollutants and toxic waste
Oils spills are cleaned by Pseudomonas
Bacterial enzymes are also used as detergents

A

Bioremediation

39
Q

Bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce protein crystals which are toxic to the digestive system of the insects

A

Biological insecticides

40
Q

Microbes are used to produce foods, chemicals

A

Biotechnology

41
Q

New technique used for biotechnology enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes

A

Recombinant DNA technology

42
Q

Inflammation of brain diagnosed in 1937 in Uganda
Mosquitoes transit disease between birds
From birds to horses
From birds to humans

A

West Nile Encephalitis

43
Q

Cause Ebola virus first isolated in Congo

Causes fever, diarrhea, blood clots. Transmission through human to human contact n bodily fluids

A

Ebola Hemorrhagic fever

44
Q

Discovered in Hantan River in Korea.called Sin Nombre Virus
Arrived in America from old world rats
Fever, cough progress to respiratory failure. Very contagious and fatal

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

45
Q

Caused by HIV
Destroys CD4 lymphocytes
Infected persons die from infections by other microorganisms or cancerous cells

A

AIDS

46
Q

Caused by Protozoa
Causes 30% of diarrheal illness in developing nations
Transmitted through drinking water supply, swimming pool, contaminated hospital supply

A

Cryptosporidium

47
Q

Mad cow disease
Caused by PRION, infectious protein
Spread by cattle feed contaminated by sheep parts
CJD IN HUMANS

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

48
Q

Normal inhabitant of large intestine strain 0157:H7 produces bloody diarrhea. Transmitted through undercooked meat and unpasteurized beverages

A

E.coli 0157:H7

49
Q

Primarily in water fowl and poultry

H5N2

A

Avian influenza A

50
Q

First to observe live microorganisms

Used single lens microscope

A

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

51
Q

Inoculated an 8 y/o volunteer with cow pox who never contracted small pix or cow pox

A

Edward Jenner

52
Q

Proved silkworm disease was causes by a fungus

A

Agostino Bassi

53
Q

Proposed serotyping for streptococci

A

Rebecca Lancefield

54
Q

Inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA and bacteria produced an animal protein
Recombinant DNA

A

Paul Berg

55
Q

Bacteria with no cell wall

Has sterols

A

Mycoplasma

56
Q

Contains pseudomurein

A

Archaea

57
Q

Molds and mushrooms consist of masses of mycelia composed of filaments called hyphae

A

Fungi

58
Q

Devised accepted system of classification based on cellular organization of organisms. Has 3 domains

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
A

Carl Woese

59
Q
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
    • Protist
    • Fungi
    • Plants
    • Animals
A

3 domain classification

Microbiology (13 decks)

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