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Microbiology > Chapter 10 Taxonomy > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Taxonomy Flashcards

0
Q

Evolutionary history of a group or organism

A

Phylogeny

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1
Q

Science of classifying organisms with the goal of showing relationships among organisms

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

Shows evolutionary or phylogenetic relationships among organisms

A

Taxonomic hierarchy

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3
Q

Originates the 2 kingdom system of taxonomy 350 bc

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds & mammals

A

Animalia

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5
Q

Grasses
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees

A

Plantae

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6
Q

Modernized classification & naming system

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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7
Q

Plant & animal kingdom

A

Linnaeus

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8
Q

Bacteria & Fungi put in plant kingdom

A

Nageli

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9
Q

Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, Protozoa, algae, and fungi

A

Haeckel

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10
Q

Introduced term Prokaryote for cell without nucleus

A

Chatton

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11
Q

Kingdom Fungi introduced

A

1959

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12
Q

Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by nuclear membrane

A

Stanier

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13
Q

Kingdom Prokaryote proposed

A

Murray

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14
Q

Proposed third kingdom called Protista, which included Protozoa, single cells algae and slime molds

A

Three kingdom system of Ernst Haekel

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15
Q 
Animalia 
Plantae
Mycetae (fungi) 
Protista 
Prokaryotae (monera)
A

5 kingdom system of Robert Whittaker

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16
Q

Difference in group Archaea

Living organisms classified into 3 domains:

A

Three domain system Carl Woose

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17
Q

No cell walls

Chemoautrophic

A

Domain Eukarya

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18
Q

Cellulose walls

Photoautotrophic

A

Plantae

Domain Eukarya

19
Q

Chitin cell walls

Chemoheterotrophic

A

Fungi

Domain Eukarya

20
Q

Catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms

A

Protista

Domain Eukarya

21
Q

Similarities based on ribosomal RNA living organisms are classified into three domains: bacteria, archaea, Eukarya

A

Three domain system

22
Q

Placing organisms in groups of related species. It is the systematic grouping of organisms into categories of evolutionary or structural relationships between them based on similarities

A

Classification

23
Q

Matching characteristics of unknown organism to list of known organism

A

Identification

24
Q

Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche

A

Viral species

25
Q

Group of bacteria derived from a single cell

Pure culture

A

Clone

26
Q

Nonidentical clone cells identified by numbers, letters, or names

A

Strain

27
Q

Closely related strains

A

Bacterial species

28
Q

Population of cells with similar characteristics

A

Prokaryotic species

29
Q

Group of organisms that interbreeds and prod vie viable off spring
Organisms are grouped into taxa according to phylogenetic relationships from ancestor

A

Eukaryotic species

30
Q

Determined by molecular biology techniques

A

Prokaryotic relationships

31
Q 
Domain----------Eukayra
Kingdom--------Animalia 
Phylum----------Chordata  
Class------------Mammalia 
Order------------Primata  
Family-----------Hominidae 
Genus-----------Homo 
Species---------H. Sapiens
A

Taxonomic hierarchy

32
Q

Sequence bases can be used in classification of organisms

A

Ribosomal RNA

33
Q

Used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA in a sample

A

PCR

34
Q

Southern blotting

DNA probes

A

Hybridization techniques

35
Q

Sequences amino acids
Fatty acid profiles
Percentage GC PAIRS

A

Method of identifying microorganisms

36
Q

Produced by restriction enzymes are used to determine genetic similarities and can be used to identify and classify organisms

A

DNA fingerprints

37
Q

Measures physical and chemicals characteristics of cells

Used to identify bacteria in a sample without cutting them

A

Flow cytometry

38
Q

Is the identification of bacterial species and strains by determining their susceptibility to various bacteriophages

A

Phage Typing

39
Q

Involves the reactions of microorganism with specific antibodies that are useful in determining the identity of strains and species as well as relationship among organisms

A

Serological test

40
Q

Useful for identifying microorganisms especially when aided by differential staining techniques

A

Morphological characteristics

41
Q

Presence of various enzymes as determined by using selective and differential media

A

Biochemical test

42
Q

Single strands of DNA or of both DNA, RNA from related organisms will hydrogen bond to form double stranded molecule

A

Nucleic acid hybridization

43
Q

Used for identification of organisms. Identification is based on successive questions and each question has two possible answers

A

Dichotomous keys

44
Q

Show phylogenetic relationships among organisms

Using sequence bases RNA molecules the percentage of similarity in the nucleotides bases between each species

A

Cladograms

Microbiology (13 decks)

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