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Microbiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

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1
Q

Study of disease

Structural and functional changes in body

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Development of disease

A

Pathogensis

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3
Q

Ability of a microorganism to cause disease by overcoming the defense of the host

A

Pathogenicity

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4
Q

The degree or extent of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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5
Q

Colonization of the body by pathogens

A

Infection

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6
Q

An abnormal state in which the body is not functionally normal

A

Disease

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7
Q

Maybe present for days, weeks or months

A

Transient microbiota

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8
Q

Permanently colonize the host

A

Normal Microbiota

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9
Q

Is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q 
Nose & throat 
Eyes 
Mouth 
Skin
Large intestine 
Urinary & reproductive systems
A

Locations of normal microbiota

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11
Q

Competitive exclusions

Competition between microbes

A

Microbial antagonism

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12
Q

Proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains

A

Bacteriocins

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13
Q

Are live applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

A

Probiotics

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14
Q

Are used to prove the cause, etiology, of an infectious disease

A

Koch’s postulates

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15
Q
  1. Same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
  2. The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
  3. Pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inn ovulated into healthy animal
  4. Pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism
A

Koch postulates

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16
Q

A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease.

These subjective changes are not apparent to an observer

A

Symptom

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17
Q

Specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

A

Syndrome

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18
Q

A disease that spread from one host to another either directly or indirectly (genital heroes, TB)

A

Communicable disease

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19
Q

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another by direct contact or by contact with bodily fluids

A

Contagious disease

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20
Q

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

A

Non communicable disease

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21
Q
  1. Communicable disease
  2. Contagious disease
  3. Noncomminicable disease
A

Classifying infectious disease

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22
Q
  1. Incidence
  2. Prevelence
  3. Sporadic disease
  4. Endemic disease
  5. Epidemic disease
  6. Pandemic disease
  7. Herd immunity
A

Occurrence of disease

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23
Q

Fraction of population that contracts a disease during a specific time

A

Incidence

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24
Q

Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time

A

Prevelence

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25
Q

Disease that occurs occasionally in a population

A

Sporadic disease

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26
Q

Disease constantly present in a population

A

Endemic population

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27
Q

Disease acquires by many hosts in a given area in a short time

A

Epidemic disease

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28
Q

Worldwide epidemic

A

Pandemic disease

29
Q

Immunity in most population

A

Herd immunity

30
Q
  1. Acute disease
  2. Chronic disease
  3. Subacute disease
  4. Latent disease
A

Severity or duration of a disease

31
Q

Symptoms develop rapidly but last only a short time (influenza)

A

Acute disease

32
Q

Disease develops slowly but body’s reaction maybe less severe but the disease is likely to be continual or recurrent for long period (TB, hep B)

A

Chronic disease

33
Q

Symptoms between acute and chronic

A

Subacute disease

34
Q

Disease with a period of no symptoms when causative agent is inactive for a short time, but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease (shingles)

A

Latent disease

35
Q

Pathogens limited to a small area of the body

A

Local infection

36
Q

Infection in which microbes or their products are spread throughout the body (generalized infection) by blood or lymph

A

Systemic infection

37
Q

Systemic infection that began as a local infection and spread to other specific body parts where they are confined to specific areas of the body(infection starting from teeth)

A

Focal infection

38
Q

Bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

39
Q

Growth of bacteria in the blood causing systemic infection

Blood poising

A

Septicemia

40
Q

Toxins in the blood

Tetanus

A

Toxemia

41
Q

Viruses in the blood

A

Viremia

42
Q

Acute infection that causes the initial illness

A

Primary infection

43
Q

Opportunistic infection after a primary infection

A

Secondary infection

44
Q

No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)

A

Subclinical infection

45
Q

The time interval between the initial infection and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms

A

Incubation period

46
Q
  1. Type of microorganism
  2. Virulence of that microorganism
  3. Number of infecting microorganism
  4. The resistance of the host
A

Stages of disease

47
Q

After period of incubation, this period is characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease such as general aches and malaise

A

Prodromal period

48
Q

Disease is most severe during this period. Number of white blood cells may increase or decrease. If the disease is overcome the patient dues during this period

A

Period of illness

49
Q

The signs and symptoms subside during this period but the patient is vulnerable to secondary infection

A

Period of decline

50
Q

The person regains strength and body returns to its predisease state, recovery has occurred

A

Period of convalesce

51
Q
  1. Human
  2. Animal
  3. Nonliving
A

Reservoirs of infection

52
Q

AIDS, gonorrhea

Carries may have inapparent infections of latent disease

A

Human

53
Q

Rabies, Lyme disease

Some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans

A

Animal

54
Q

Botulism, tetanus
Soil
Water

A

Nonliving

55
Q

Disease that primarily occur in a wild animal or domestic animal

A

Zoonoses

56
Q

Number of deaths from a disease/total population in a given time

A

Mortality rate

57
Q

Number of people affected/total population in a given time period

A

Morbidity rate

58
Q

Deaths from modifiable diseases

A

Mortality

59
Q

Incidence of a specific notifiable disease

A

Morbidity

60
Q

Mapped the occurrence of cholera in London

Descriptive epidemiology

A

John snow

61
Q

Showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus

Analytical epidemiology

A

Nightingale

62
Q

Showed that hand washing decreased the incidence of puerperal fever

Experimental epidemiology

A

Semmelweis

63
Q

Collection and analysis of data regarding occurrence of disease

A

Descriptive epidemiology

64
Q

Comparison of a diseased group and a healthy group

A

Analytical epidemiology

65
Q

Study of a disease using controlled experiments

A

Experimental epidemiology

66
Q

The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted in population

A

Epidemiology

67
Q
  1. Contact
    • direct
    • indirect
    • droplet
  2. Vehicle transmission
  3. Vectors
    • mechanical (passive)
    • biological (active)
A

Transmission of disease

68
Q

Transmission by an inanimate reservoir (food,air,water)

A

Vehicle transmission

69
Q

Arthropods, especially fleas, ticks and mosquitoes transmit disease by two methods.

  1. Mechanical-arthropod carries pathogens on feet
  2. Biological (active) pathogen reproduces in vector
A

Vectors

Microbiology (13 decks)

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