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Microbiology > Chap 4 > Flashcards

Chap 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Eukarya:
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa

A

Microorganisms

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1
Q

Eukarya:
Animals
Plants

A

Macroorganisms

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2
Q

Archaea

Bacteria

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

Greek word prenuleus

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

Greek word true nucleus

A

Eukaryote

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5
Q 
Morphology (shape) 
Chemical composition (staining) 
Nutritional requirements 
Biochemical activities 
Source of energy
A

Bacteria differentiation

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6
Q

Bacillus (rod shaped)
Coccus (spherical)
Spiral

A

Basic shapes

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7
Q

Spirillum
Vibrio
Spirochete

A

Spiral

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8
Q

Round, spherical, oval or elongated

A

Coccus

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9
Q

Remain attached in chain like patter

A

Streptococci

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10
Q

Form grape like clusters

A

Staphlococci

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11
Q

Rod shaped

A

Bacillus

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12
Q

Single
Dipolcacilli
Streptobacilli
Coccobacilli

A

Bacillus

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13
Q

Vibrios
Spirilla
Spirochetes

A

Spiral

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14
Q

Star shaped

A

Stella

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15
Q

Hallarcula

A

Square

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16
Q

Rhizobium

Corynebacterium

A

Plemomorphic Bactria

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17
Q

Can have more than one genetically controlled shape

A

Pleomorphic

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18
Q

Sugar coat outside cell wall that is viscous and sticky.
Contains polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Capsule if organized
Slime layer if unorganized

A

Glycocyx

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19
Q

Important virulence factor
Protect from from phagocytosis
Allows bacteria to attach to surfaces

A

Capsule

Structures external to cell wall

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20
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Spirochete

Cause syphilis

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21
Q

Found in gram negative bacteria
Shorter straighter, thinner than flagella
Made of protein pilin

A

Fibriae

Pili

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22
Q

Joins cells for transfer of DNA from one cell to another

A

Pili

Sex pili

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23
Q

Enable cell to adhere to surfaces
If absent no colonization of bacteria no disease
Forms biofilms

A

Fimbriae

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24
Q

Cell wall composed of repeating monosaccharides N-acetulglucodamine and N-acetulmuraic acid

A

Peptidoglycan

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25
Q

Consists of many Layers of Peptidoglycan
Contains trichroic acids
Lipoteichoic-plasma membrane
Wall teichoic acid-linked to Peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram positive bacteria

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26
Q

Have one or few layers of Peptidoglycan
No teichoic acid in cell wall
Peptidoglycan present in peri plasm

A

Gram negative Bacteria

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27
Q

Contain pigments and enzymes for bacterial photosynthesis are found in plasma membrane

A

Chromtophores

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28
Q

Bacterial cells will shrink ms collapse as water leaves the cell by osmosis

A

Hypertonic solution

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29
Q

Cell with weak wall may burst

(Gram negative

A

Hypotonic solution

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30
Q

Type of active transport that occurs only in prokaryotes
Substance is chemically altered during transport across the membrane. Once inside the cell plasma membrane is impermeable to it. Remains inside the cell
Uses high every guy phosphate compounds phosphoenol puruvic acid

A

Group translocation.

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31
Q

Highly durable dehydrated cells with thick walks additional layers formed internal to the bacterial cell membrane when nutrients are depleted

A

Endospores

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32
Q

Process of endospore formation within vegetative cell

A

Sporulation

33
Q

Process of an endospore returning to its vegetative state triggered by breakdown in its cost and resumption of metabolism

A

Germination

34
Q

DNA not enclosed in nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotes

35
Q

DNA enclosed in nuclear membrane

A

Eukaryotes

36
Q

DNA associated in histones and non histones

A

Eukaryotes

37
Q

Divide by binary fission
Plasma membrane has no carbohydrates and no sterols
No cytoskeleton
Ribosomes smaller

A

Prokaryotes

38
Q

Divide by mitosis
Carbohydrates and sterols are present and serve as receptors
Ribosomes larger size
Sexual reproduction involves meiosis

A

Eukaryotes

39
Q

Remain in groups of four

A

Tetrad

40
Q

Remain in cube like groups of eight

A

Sarcinae

41
Q

Gelatinous polymer of either one or both 1. Polysaccharides
2. Polypeptide
Made inside and secreted into surface

A

Glycocyx

42
Q

Single polar flagellum

A

Monotrichous

43
Q

Tuft of flagella on both ends

A

Amphitrichous

44
Q

2 or more flagella at one pole

A

Lophotrichous

45
Q

Flagella distributed over entire cell

A

Peritrichous

46
Q

Filament
Hook
Basal body

A

Flagella

47
Q

Long outer most region
Constant diameter
Composed of flagellum

A

Filament

48
Q

Found in spirochetes also called endoflagella
Anchored at one end of spirochete
Made of bundles of fibrils beneath on outer sheath and spiral around the cell.

A

Axial filament

49
Q

Lipopolysachharide outer membrane and phospholipids
Barrier to penicillin,twosomes, bile, salts, detergents
Lipid A endotoxin toxic in host blood GI tract causes fever and shock

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

50
Q

O polysaccharide used for identification

Lipid A

A

Gram negative outer membrane

51
Q

Target cell wall

A

Lysozymes

52
Q

Fd in eukaryotic cells, tears, saliva
Cuts sugar backbone of Peptidoglycan
Gram positive wall destroyed
Gram negative wall not destroyed

A

Lysozymes

53
Q

Wall less cells

A

Protoplast

54
Q

Destroyed by osmotic lysis

A

Protoplast and spheroplast

55
Q

Small circular double stranded DNA molecule which are extra chromosomal. Carry genes for antibiotic resistance, production for toxins, synthesis if enzymes. Can be transferred from one cell to another

A

Plasmids

56
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

57
Q

70s- two units w/proteins and ribosomal RNA
50s-two RNA molecule
30s-one molecule of RNA

A

Prokaryote ribosomes

58
Q

Attacked by Erythromycin and chloramphenicol

A

50s

59
Q

Attack by streptomycin and gentamycin

A

30s

60
Q

Reserve deposits for certain infusions

Metachromatic granules-Reserve for inorganic phosphate and polysaccharide granules of glycogen and starch

A

Inclusions

61
Q

Phosphate reserves

A

Metachromatic granules

62
Q

Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation

A

Carboxysomes

63
Q

Protein-coveted cylinders

A

Gas vacuoles

64
Q

Iron oxide destroys H2O2

A

Magnetosomes

65
Q

Cell projections contain cytoplasm enclosed by plasma membrane consisting of 10 pairs of microtubles (9+2)
Creates wavelike movement and has tapering
Made of protein Tubulin

A

Eukaryotic flagellum

66
Q

Cellulose

A

Algae and plant cell wall

67
Q

Chitin

A

Fungi cell wall

68
Q

Glucan and Mannan

A

Yeast cell wall

69
Q

Cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

70
Q

Cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

71
Q

80s with 60s and 40s subunits
70s are present inside chloroplast and inside mitochondria
RER ribosomes synthesize proteins destined for plasma membrane for export out the cell
Free ones synthesize proteins to be used inside the cell

A

Eukaryotic ribosomes

72
Q

Provide walls antigenic specificity

A

Teichoic acid gram positive

73
Q

Acid fast bacteria have mycolic acid a waxy lipid outside Peptidoglycan

A

Mycobacteria

74
Q

Substance move from higher conc to lower conc w/I expenditure of cellular energy

A

Passive process

75
Q

Substance move from lower conc to higher con mc with use of cellular energy

A

Active process

76
Q

Synthesizes phospholipids, fats, steroids
Liver-release glucose and detoxify drugs
Muscle-release calcium ions

A

Smooth ER

77
Q

Proteins are modified by enzymes to form glycoproteins, lipoproteins
Packaging center

A

Golgi complex

78
Q

Formed by Golgi complex

Contain 49 different kinds of powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down various molecules and bacteria

A

Lysosomes

79
Q

Formed by division of pre-existing peroxisomes
Contain enzymes to oxidize various organic substances, detoxify alcohols
Catalase hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

Microbiology (13 decks)

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