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Microbiology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Ability to ward off a disease

A

Resistance

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1
Q

Lack of resistance to a disease

A

Susceptibility

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2
Q

Defenses against any pathogen (innate)

A

Nonspecific immunity

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3
Q

Immunity
Resistance to a specific pathogen
Adaptive

A

Specific resistance

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4
Q

Intact skin
Mucous membranes/secretions
Normal microbiota

A

First line of defense

Innate immunity

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5
Q

Phagocytes
Inflammation
Fever
Antimicrobial substances

A

Second line of defense

Innate immunity

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6
Q

Specialized lymphocytes: Tcells &Bcells

Antibodies

A

Adaptive immunity

Third line of defense

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7
Q

Epidermis consist of tightly packed cells with keratin, protective protein that makes protective barrier to resist infection

A

Skin

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8
Q

Kinins
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Histamines

A

Chemicals that induce inflammation

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9
Q

Produce tears. Tears wash eyes and go to nose through lacrimal canals

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic
Fungistatic
Fatty acid
Keep hairs moist

A

Sebum

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11
Q

Low ph
Kills microbes and toxins
Except C. Botulinum & S. Aureus

A

Gastric juice

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12
Q

Neutralizes acidity and grows in stomach and causes ulcers and gastritis

A

H. Pylori

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13
Q

Produces Bacteriocins that inhibit the growth of salmonella and shigella in large intestines

A

E. Coli

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14
Q

60-70%

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

0.5-1%

A

Basophils

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16
Q

2-4%

A

Eosinophils

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17
Q

3-8%

A

Monocytes

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18
Q

20-25%

A

Lymphocytes

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19
Q 
Peroxidases
Hydrolytic enzymes 
Defensins
Bacteria slayers
Phagocytic
A

Neutrophil

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20
Q

Functionally similar to mast cells

Produce histamine

A

Basophils

21
Q

Inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBC

A

Histamine

22
Q

Lead body’s counter attack against parasitic worms

Lessen severity of allergies

A

Eosinophils

23
Q

Phagocytic as mature macrophages
Largest leukocytes
Leave circulation enter tissue and differentiate into macrophages
Fixed macrophages in liver, brain

A

Monocytes

24
Q

Involved in specific immunity

3rd line of defense

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

Inhibit adherence: M protein, capsules

A

S. Pyogenes

S. Pneumoniae

26
Q

Kill phagocytes by producing leukocidins

A

S. Aureus

27
Q

Lyse phagocytes: membrane attack complex

A

Listeria monocytogenes

28
Q

Escape phagosomes

A

Shigella

29
Q

Prevent phagosome-lysosomes fusion

A

HIV

30
Q

Survive in phagolysosome

A

Coxiella burnetti

31
Q

Causes Q-fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

32
Q
  1. Leukocytosis
  2. Margination
  3. Diapedesis
  4. Chemotaxis
A

Inflammatory response

33
Q

Neutrophils are released from bone barrow in response to leukocytosis inducing factors released by injured cells

A

Leukocytosis

34
Q

Neutrophils cling to the walks of capillaries in the injured area

A

Margination

35
Q

Neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begins phagocytosis

A

Diapedesis

36
Q

Inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site

A

Chemotaxis

37
Q

Cause vasodilation
Increase permeability of blood vessel
May role in chemotaxis
Attract neutrophils

A

Kinins

38
Q

Intensify the effects of kinins

Help phagocytes move through capillaries

A

Prostaglandin

39
Q

Produced by mast cells and basophils
Increased permeability of blood vessels
Help attach phagocytes to pathogens

A

Leukotrienes

40
Q

Found in Mast cells, basophils, blood platelets

Release in response to injury of cells

A

Histamine

41
Q

Membrane attack

A

C5b-C9

42
Q

Attract and activate phagocytic cells

A

c5a

43
Q

Mediate inflammation

A

C3a

C5a

44
Q

Results from antigen-antigen interactions that occur during specific immune response

A

Classical pathway

Complement activation.

45
Q

Occurs in response to intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi.
Involved interaction of complement factor b, factor D, factor P with the surface of the pathogen

Does not involve antibodies

A

Alternate complement pathway

46
Q

Occurs when macrophages release chemicals that stimulate the liver to produce mannose-binding protein (lectins) which then can activate complement via alternative pathway or classical pathway

A

Lectin complement pathway

47
Q

Antiviral proteins produce by infected cells

Short life span

High doses toxic to heart, liver, kidney and red marrow

A

Interferons

48
Q

Inhibits viral replication

Increase NK cells

Induced MHC-1 antigens

A

Alpha interferon

Beta interferon

49
Q

Activates macrophages and induces MHC-II antigens

Immunological defense against infection and cancer

A

Gamma interferon

Microbiology (13 decks)

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