Chapter 9 Flashcards
race
human constructed categories that assumes a great importance. those categories typically based on observable physical traits
for ex. skin shade hair texture and eye shape
and geographic origin believed to distinguish one race from another
racial common sense
shared ideas believed to be so obvious or natural about racial groups that they need not to be questioned
reify
treating labels and categories as if they are real and meaningful and to forget that they are made up
ethic group
people within a larger society such as a country who possess a group conciseness because they share or believe they share common ancestry, a place of birth, a history, a key experience, or some distinctive social traits they have defined as “essence of their peoplehood”
ethnicity
people who share, believe they share, or are believed by others to share national origin; a common ancestry; a place of birth; distinctive concrete social traits such as relgious practices, style of dress, body adornments, or langue; to socially important physical characteristic such as skin color, hair texture, or body structure
selective forgetting
a process by which people forget, dimes, or fail to pass on an ethnic heritage
ethnic renewal
this occurs when someone discovers an ethnic identity, as when an adopted child learns about and identifies with newly find biological relatives or a person learns about and reviews lost trations
involuntary ethnicity
when a government or other dominant group creates an umbrella ethnic category and assigns people from many different cultures and countries to it
dominant ethnic group
the most advantaged ethnic group in a society; it is the ethnic group that possesses the greatest access to valued resources, including the power to create and maintain the system that gives it these advantages
hidden ethnicity
a sense of self that is based on little to no awareness of ethnic identity because its culture is considered normative, or mainstream
chance
something not subject to human will, choice, or effort
context
the social setting in which racial and ethnic categories are recognized, created, and challenged
choice
the act of choosing from a range of possible behaviors or appearances
minority groups
subgroups within society that can be distinguished from a members of the dominant group by visible indemnifying characteristics, including physical and cultural attributes, these subgroups are systematically excluded, whether consciously to unconsciously from full participation in society and are denied equal access to positions of power provllige and wealth
involuntary minorities
ethnic or racial groups that were forced to become part of a country by slavery, conquest, or colonization
assimilation
a process by which ethnic and racial distinctions between groups disappear because one group is absorbed into another groups culture because two vultures blend to form a new culture
absorbed assimilation
a process by which racial an ethic minorities adapt to the point where they are completely ‘‘abrobed’’ into the dominant culture
segregation
the physical and or social separation of people according to their race or ethnicity
spatial segregation
a de facto or de jure sition in which racial or ethnic groups attend different school, live in different neighborhoods, or occupy there same facility but sit, work, to eat on different floors, in different rooms, or at separate tables
melting pot assimilation
cultural blending in which groups accept many new behaviors and values from one another, this exchange produces a new cultural system, which is a blend of the previously separate system
scientific racism
the use of faulty science to support systems of racial rankings and theories of social and cultural progress that placed whites in the most advanced ranks and state of human evolution
prejudice
a rigid and usually unfavorable judgment about an out group that does not change in the face of contradictory evidence and that applies to anyone who shares the disinguishing characteristics of the out group
stereotypes
simplistic genrations about categories that are applied to anyone in those categories
selective perceptions
the process in which prejudice people notice only those supposed facts that support their stereotypes
