Chapter 3 Flashcards
Globalization
The ever-increasing flow of goods services, money, people, technology, information, and other cultural items across political boundaries, most notably countries
Culture
The weight of life of a people; more specifically, the human created strategies for adjusting to their surroundings into those creatures (including humans) that are part of those surroundings
Material culture
All the natural and human created objects to which people have attached meanings
Beliefs
Conceptions that people accept are true concerning how the world operates and where the individual fits in relationship to others
Non-material culture
The non-physical creations that people cannot hold or see
Values
General, shared conceptions of what is good, right, appropriate, worthwhile, and important with regard to conduct, appearance, and states of being
Norms
Written in unwritten rules, that specify behavior, appropriate, and inappropriate to a particular social situation
Norms
Written in unwritten rules, that specify behavior, appropriate, and inappropriate to a particular social situation
Folkways
Norm that apply to the mundane aspects or details of daily life
Mores
Norms that people define as critical to the well-being of a group violation of mores can result in severe forms of punishment.
Language
A simple system involving the use of sounds, gestures (signing), and/or character (such as letters or pictures) To convey meaning
Cultural anchors
some cultural component-Material (A color, a mascot a book) Or non-material (A belief value, norms, cherished symbol) -that elicits broad consensus among members of its importance also allows debate of dissent about its exact meaning
Cultural universals
Things all cultures have in common
Cultural particulars
Include the specific responses or practices that cultures have put in place to direct the use of things like a natural resources and to handle inevitable changes of being human
Social emotions
Internal bodily sensations that we experience in relationships with other people
Feeling rules
Norms that specify appropriate ways to express internal sensations
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
The idea that “no two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live or distinct worlds, not merrily the same word with different labels attached”
Transculture diffusion
The process by which an idea, an innovation, or some other cultural item is borrowed from a foreign source
Culture shock
The strain that people from one culture experience when they must orient themselves to the ways of a new culture
Reenty shock
Culture shock in reverse; it is experienced upon returning home after living in another culture
Ethnocentrism
A viewpoint that uses one culture, usually for home culture, as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways
Cultural genocide
In extreme form ethnocentrism in which the people of society define the culture of another society, not as merely offensive, but as so intolerable that they attempt to destroy you
Reverse ethnocentrism
A type of ethnocentrism In which the home culture is regarded as inferior to a foreign culture
Cultural relativism
The perspective that a foreign culture should not be judged by the standards of a home culture, and that a behavior or way of thinking must be examined and it’s cultural context
