Chapter 4 Flashcards
Socialization
The process by which people acquire a social identity and learn about the groups to which they belong and do not belong
In-group
A group to which a person belongs to, identifies, admires, and/or feels loyalty
Out-group
Any group to which a person does not belong
Internalization
The process in which people take as their own and accept as binding, the norms, values, beliefs, and language that their socializers are attempting to pass on
Nature
Human genetic makeup or biological inheritance
Nurture
The social experiences that make up every individual’s life
Collective memory
The experiences shared and recalled by significant numbers of people. Such memories are revived, preserved, shared, passed on, and recast in many forms, such as stories, holidays, rituals, and monuments.
Role-taking
The process of stepping into another person’s shoes by which to imaginatively view and asses (and others’) behavior, appearance, and thoughts
Play
A voluntary and often spontaneous activity with few or no formal rules that is not subject to constraints of time replace
Significant others
People or characters, such as cartoon characters, a parent, or the family pet, who are important in a child’s life, in that they greatly influence that persons self-evaluation and ways of behaving
Games
Structured, organized activities that usually involve more than one person and a number of constraints, such as established roles, rules, time, place, and outcome
Generalized other
A system of expected behaviors, and meanings that transcend the people participating
Significant symbol
Gestures that convey the same meaning to the people transmitting them and receiving them
Gesture
Any action that requires people to interpret its meaning before responding
Me
The social self-the part of the south that is the product of interaction with others and that has internalized the rules and expectations
I
The active and creative aspect of the self that questions, expectations and rules for behavior
Looking-glass self
A process in which a sense of self develops, enabling one to see oneself, reflected in other others real or imagined reactions to one’s appearance and behaviors
Agents of socialization
Significant others, primary groups, in-groups and out-groups, and institutions that (1) shape our sense of self or social identity, (2) teach us about the groups to which we do and do not belong, (3) help us to realize our human capacities, and (4) help us negotiate the social and physical environment we have inherited.
Group
Two or more people who share a distinct identity, feel a sense of belonging, and interact directly or indirectly with one another.
Primary group
A social group that has face-to-face contact and strong emotional ties among its members.
Mass media
Forms of communication designed to reach large audiences without face-to-face contact between those conveying, and those receiving the messages
Resocialization
The process that involves breaking with behaviors and ways of thinking that are unsuited to existing or changing circumstances, and replacing them with new, more appropriate ways of behaving and thinking.
Total institutions
Institutions in which people surrender control of their lives, voluntarily or involuntarily, to an administrative staff and carry out daily activities with others required to do the same thing.
