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NCE > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

5 Types of Tissue Loading producing stress and strain

A
  1. Compression
  2. Tension
  3. Shearing
  4. Bending
  5. Torsion
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2
Q

Acute Onset Muscle Soreness

A

Accompanies fatigue
Transient and occurs during and immediately after exercise

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3
Q

At what % of a load increase is a tendons breaking point?

A

6%-8%

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4
Q

Bone Structure: Articular Cartilage

A

at ends of long bones, covering joint surfaces of epiphysis
Provides protection during movement and cushions jars and blows

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5
Q

Bone Structure: Diaphysis

A

Main shaft of long bone
Hollow and cylindrical and covered in compact bone

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6
Q

Bone Structure: endosteum

A

lines medullar cavity

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7
Q

Bone Structure: epiphysis

A

located at ends of long bones
Composed primarily of cancellous bone, giving it sponge-like appearance

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8
Q

Bone Structure: medullary cavity

A

hollow tube in long bone diaphysis
Contains a yellow, fatty marrow in adults

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9
Q

Bone Structure: Periosteum

A

Covers long bones

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10
Q

Causes of DOMS

A

may occur from very small tears in the muscle tissue
May occur from disruption of the connective tissue that holds muscle tendon fibres together

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11
Q

Definition: Atrophy

A

wasting away of muscle tissue
Main causes are immobilization, inactivity and loss of nerve innervation

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12
Q

Definition: Blowout Fracture

A

occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye

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13
Q

Definition: Capsulitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition occurring after repeated joint sprains of micro traumas

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14
Q

Definition: closed fracture

A

little or no movement or displacement of the broken bones

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15
Q

Definition: Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle tissues, great deal of resistance to passive touch

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16
Q

Definition: Creep

A

deformation in the shape and/or properties of a tissue that occurs with the application of a constant load over time

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17
Q

Definition: Deformation

A

internal strain placed on the tissues from stress

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18
Q

Definition: Diastasis

A

Separation of two articulating bones

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19
Q

Definition: Elasticity

A

property allowing a tissue to return to normal following deformation

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20
Q

Definition: hyperesthesia

A

Increased sense of feeling such as pain or touch

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21
Q

Definition: hypoesthesia

A

diminished sense of feeling

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22
Q

Definition: Load

A

external force acting on tissues that causes internal reactions within the tissues

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23
Q

Definition: Mechanical Failure

A

Ability of the tissue to withstand stress and strain is exceeded

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24
Q

Definition: Muscle Strain

A

muscle overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of the muscle fibres occurs

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25
Q

Definition: Neuritis chronic nerve problem

A
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26
Q

Definition: Neuropraxia

A

interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber

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27
Q

Definition: Open fracture

A

enough displacement of the fractured ends that the bones breaks through surrounding tissues, including the skin
Increases the possibility of infection

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28
Q

Definition: Overuse

A

chronic -> occur with repetitive dynamics of running, throwing or jumping
or
recurrent -> traumatic injuries that occur multiple times

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29
Q

Definition: Paresthesia

A

numbness, prickling, ot tingling, which may occur from a direct blow to or stretch of an area

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30
Q

Definition: Sarcoplasm

A

semifluid inside the muscle fiber cell

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31
Q

Definition: Stiffness

A

relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load

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32
Q

Definition: Strain

A

Extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded

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33
Q

Definition: Stress

A

internal resistance of the tissue when it is loaded

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34
Q

Definition: Synovitis

A

active joint congestion with edema (chronic)

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35
Q

Definition: Tedninitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon

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36
Q

Definition: Tendinopathy

A

most used to refer to tendinitis and tendinitis

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37
Q

Definition: Tendinosis

A

microtears and degeneration of a tendon

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38
Q

Definition: Trauma

A

Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force

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39
Q

Definition: Trauma

A

Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force

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40
Q

Definition: Yield Point

A

tissue deformed to extent that it no longer reacts elasticity

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41
Q

Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness

A

appears approximately 12 hours after injury
Becomes most intense after 20-48 hours
becomes symptoms free after 3-4 days

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42
Q

Grade 1 Muscle Strain

A

some fibers stretched or actually torn
Some tenderness and pain on AROM
Mvm’t painful, full ROM possible

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43
Q

Grade 2 Muscle Strain

A

number of muscle fibers torn
active contraction of muscle painful
Depression or divot can be felt somewhere in muscle belly at place of strain
Swelling may occur
ROM decreased due to pain

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44
Q

Grade 3 Muscle Strain

A

complete rupture of muscle
Significant impairment to or perhaps total loss of mvm’t due to disruption of nerve fibers
initially intense pain but quickly diminishes b/c of complete unloading

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45
Q

how long does it take to heal a muscle strain?

A

6-8 weeks

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46
Q

how to prevent muscle soreness

A

Beginning exercise at a moderate level and gradually progressing the intensity of exercise overtime

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47
Q

True or False: A tendon is usually double the strength of the muscle it serves?

A

True

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48
Q

what 5 basic functions do bones perform?

A
  1. body support
  2. Organ protection
  3. Movement
  4. Calcium storage
  5. Formation of blood cells (hematopoises)
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49
Q

what are the three types of muscles in the body?

A
  1. smooth
  2. cardiac
  3. striated
50
Q

what are the two types of muscle soreness?

A
  1. Acute-onset muscle soreness
  2. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
51
Q

what are the two types of muscle spasms?

A
  1. clonic -> alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession
  2. Tonic -> rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time
52
Q

what bones does OA most effect?

A

weight bearing bones
- knees
- hips
- L/S

*shoulders and c/s also affected

53
Q

What is a latent MFTP?

A

No pain at rest
May restrict movement or cause muscle weakness
May become aware of pain when pressure applied to trigger point

54
Q

What is a muscle cramp?

A

Extremely painful involuntary muscle contraction

55
Q

what is a muscle spasm?

A

Involuntary muscle contraction, resulting in increased tension and shortening of the muscle

56
Q

What is an active MFTP?

A

pain at rest
Firm pressure usually elicits “jump sign”
tender on palpation
pain described as spreading or radiating

57
Q

What is Mechanical Injury

A

when a force applied to nay part of the body results in a harmful disturbance in function and or structure

58
Q

what is muscle soreness?

A

Usually resulting from some physical activity to which they are unaccustomed

59
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

Degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage, exposing underline bone

60
Q

what muscle types are AT’s Biggest Concerns?

A

Skeletal and striated

61
Q

why does it take so long for ligament sprains to heal?

A

low blood supply

62
Q

5 Types of Tissue Loading producing stress and strain

A
  1. Compression
  2. Tension
  3. Shearing
  4. Bending
  5. Torsion
63
Q

Acute Onset Muscle Soreness

A

Accompanies fatigue
Transient and occurs during and immediately after exercise

64
Q

At what % of a load increase is a tendons breaking point?

A

6%-8%

65
Q

Bone Structure: Articular Cartilage

A

at ends of long bones, covering joint surfaces of epiphysis
Provides protection during movement and cushions jars and blows

66
Q

Bone Structure: Diaphysis

A

Main shaft of long bone
Hollow and cylindrical and covered in compact bone

67
Q

Bone Structure: endosteum

A

lines medullar cavity

68
Q

Bone Structure: epiphysis

A

located at ends of long bones
Composed primarily of cancellous bone, giving it sponge-like appearance

69
Q

Bone Structure: medullary cavity

A

hollow tube in long bone diaphysis
Contains a yellow, fatty marrow in adults

70
Q

Bone Structure: Periosteum

A

Covers long bones

71
Q

Causes of DOMS

A

may occur from very small tears in the muscle tissue
May occur from disruption of the connective tissue that holds muscle tendon fibres together

72
Q

Definition: Atrophy

A

wasting away of muscle tissue
Main causes are immobilization, inactivity and loss of nerve innervation

73
Q

Definition: Blowout Fracture

A

occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye

74
Q

Definition: Capsulitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition occurring after repeated joint sprains of micro traumas

75
Q

Definition: closed fracture

A

little or no movement or displacement of the broken bones

76
Q

Definition: Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle tissues, great deal of resistance to passive touch

77
Q

Definition: Creep

A

deformation in the shape and/or properties of a tissue that occurs with the application of a constant load over time

78
Q

Definition: Deformation

A

internal strain placed on the tissues from stress

79
Q

Definition: Diastasis

A

Separation of two articulating bones

80
Q

Definition: Elasticity

A

property allowing a tissue to return to normal following deformation

81
Q

Definition: hyperesthesia

A

Increased sense of feeling such as pain or touch

82
Q

Definition: hypoesthesia

A

diminished sense of feeling

83
Q

Definition: Load

A

external force acting on tissues that causes internal reactions within the tissues

84
Q

Definition: Mechanical Failure

A

Ability of the tissue to withstand stress and strain is exceeded

85
Q

Definition: Muscle Strain

A

muscle overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of the muscle fibres occurs

86
Q

Definition: Neuritis chronic nerve problem

A
87
Q

Definition: Neuropraxia

A

interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber

88
Q

Definition: Open fracture

A

enough displacement of the fractured ends that the bones breaks through surrounding tissues, including the skin
Increases the possibility of infection

89
Q

Definition: Overuse

A

chronic -> occur with repetitive dynamics of running, throwing or jumping
or
recurrent -> traumatic injuries that occur multiple times

90
Q

Definition: Paresthesia

A

numbness, prickling, ot tingling, which may occur from a direct blow to or stretch of an area

91
Q

Definition: Sarcoplasm

A

semifluid inside the muscle fiber cell

92
Q

Definition: Stiffness

A

relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load

93
Q

Definition: Strain

A

Extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded

94
Q

Definition: Stress

A

internal resistance of the tissue when it is loaded

95
Q

Definition: Synovitis

A

active joint congestion with edema (chronic)

96
Q

Definition: Tedninitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon

97
Q

Definition: Tendinopathy

A

most used to refer to tendinitis and tendinitis

98
Q

Definition: Tendinosis

A

microtears and degeneration of a tendon

99
Q

Definition: Trauma

A

Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force

100
Q

Definition: Trauma

A

Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force

101
Q

Definition: Yield Point

A

tissue deformed to extent that it no longer reacts elasticity

102
Q

Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness

A

appears approximately 12 hours after injury
Becomes most intense after 20-48 hours
becomes symptoms free after 3-4 days

103
Q

Grade 1 Muscle Strain

A

some fibers stretched or actually torn
Some tenderness and pain on AROM
Mvm’t painful, full ROM possible

104
Q

Grade 2 Muscle Strain

A

number of muscle fibers torn
active contraction of muscle painful
Depression or divot can be felt somewhere in muscle belly at place of strain
Swelling may occur
ROM decreased due to pain

105
Q

Grade 3 Muscle Strain

A

complete rupture of muscle
Significant impairment to or perhaps total loss of mvm’t due to disruption of nerve fibers
initially intense pain but quickly diminishes b/c of complete unloading

106
Q

how long does it take to heal a muscle strain?

A

6-8 weeks

107
Q

how to prevent muscle soreness

A

Beginning exercise at a moderate level and gradually progressing the intensity of exercise overtime

108
Q

True or False: A tendon is usually double the strength of the muscle it serves?

A

True

109
Q

what 5 basic functions do bones perform?

A
  1. body support
  2. Organ protection
  3. Movement
  4. Calcium storage
  5. Formation of blood cells (hematopoises)
110
Q

what are the three types of muscles in the body?

A
  1. smooth
  2. cardiac
  3. striated
111
Q

what are the two types of muscle soreness?

A
  1. Acute-onset muscle soreness
  2. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
112
Q

what are the two types of muscle spasms?

A
  1. clonic -> alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession
  2. Tonic -> rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time
113
Q

what bones does OA most effect?

A

weight bearing bones
- knees
- hips
- L/S

*shoulders and c/s also affected

114
Q

What is a latent MFTP?

A

No pain at rest
May restrict movement or cause muscle weakness
May become aware of pain when pressure applied to trigger point

115
Q

What is a muscle cramp?

A

Extremely painful involuntary muscle contraction

116
Q

what is a muscle spasm?

A

Involuntary muscle contraction, resulting in increased tension and shortening of the muscle

117
Q

What is an active MFTP?

A

pain at rest
Firm pressure usually elicits “jump sign”
tender on palpation
pain described as spreading or radiating

118
Q

What is Mechanical Injury

A

when a force applied to nay part of the body results in a harmful disturbance in function and or structure

119
Q

what is muscle soreness?

A

Usually resulting from some physical activity to which they are unaccustomed

120
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

Degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage, exposing underline bone

121
Q

what muscle types are AT’s Biggest Concerns?

A

Skeletal and striated

122
Q

why does it take so long for ligament sprains to heal?

A

low blood supply

NCE (26 decks)

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