Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
5 Types of Tissue Loading producing stress and strain
A
- Compression
- Tension
- Shearing
- Bending
- Torsion
2
Q
Acute Onset Muscle Soreness
A
Accompanies fatigue
Transient and occurs during and immediately after exercise
3
Q
At what % of a load increase is a tendons breaking point?
A
6%-8%
4
Q
Bone Structure: Articular Cartilage
A
at ends of long bones, covering joint surfaces of epiphysis
Provides protection during movement and cushions jars and blows
5
Q
Bone Structure: Diaphysis
A
Main shaft of long bone
Hollow and cylindrical and covered in compact bone
6
Q
Bone Structure: endosteum
A
lines medullar cavity
7
Q
Bone Structure: epiphysis
A
located at ends of long bones
Composed primarily of cancellous bone, giving it sponge-like appearance
8
Q
Bone Structure: medullary cavity
A
hollow tube in long bone diaphysis
Contains a yellow, fatty marrow in adults
9
Q
Bone Structure: Periosteum
A
Covers long bones
10
Q
Causes of DOMS
A
may occur from very small tears in the muscle tissue
May occur from disruption of the connective tissue that holds muscle tendon fibres together
11
Q
Definition: Atrophy
A
wasting away of muscle tissue
Main causes are immobilization, inactivity and loss of nerve innervation
12
Q
Definition: Blowout Fracture
A
occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye
13
Q
Definition: Capsulitis
A
chronic inflammatory condition occurring after repeated joint sprains of micro traumas
14
Q
Definition: closed fracture
A
little or no movement or displacement of the broken bones
15
Q
Definition: Contracture
A
Abnormal shortening of muscle tissues, great deal of resistance to passive touch
16
Q
Definition: Creep
A
deformation in the shape and/or properties of a tissue that occurs with the application of a constant load over time
17
Q
Definition: Deformation
A
internal strain placed on the tissues from stress
18
Q
Definition: Diastasis
A
Separation of two articulating bones
19
Q
Definition: Elasticity
A
property allowing a tissue to return to normal following deformation
20
Q
Definition: hyperesthesia
A
Increased sense of feeling such as pain or touch
21
Q
Definition: hypoesthesia
A
diminished sense of feeling
22
Q
Definition: Load
A
external force acting on tissues that causes internal reactions within the tissues
23
Q
Definition: Mechanical Failure
A
Ability of the tissue to withstand stress and strain is exceeded
24
Q
Definition: Muscle Strain
A
muscle overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of the muscle fibres occurs
25
Definition: Neuritis chronic nerve problem
26
Definition: Neuropraxia
interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber
27
Definition: Open fracture
enough displacement of the fractured ends that the bones breaks through surrounding tissues, including the skin
Increases the possibility of infection
28
Definition: Overuse
chronic -> occur with repetitive dynamics of running, throwing or jumping
or
recurrent -> traumatic injuries that occur multiple times
29
Definition: Paresthesia
numbness, prickling, ot tingling, which may occur from a direct blow to or stretch of an area
30
Definition: Sarcoplasm
semifluid inside the muscle fiber cell
31
Definition: Stiffness
relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load
32
Definition: Strain
Extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded
33
Definition: Stress
internal resistance of the tissue when it is loaded
34
Definition: Synovitis
active joint congestion with edema (chronic)
35
Definition: Tedninitis
Inflammation of the tendon
36
Definition: Tendinopathy
most used to refer to tendinitis and tendinitis
37
Definition: Tendinosis
microtears and degeneration of a tendon
38
Definition: Trauma
Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force
39
Definition: Trauma
Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force
40
Definition: Yield Point
tissue deformed to extent that it no longer reacts elasticity
41
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
appears approximately 12 hours after injury
Becomes most intense after 20-48 hours
becomes symptoms free after 3-4 days
42
Grade 1 Muscle Strain
some fibers stretched or actually torn
Some tenderness and pain on AROM
Mvm’t painful, full ROM possible
43
Grade 2 Muscle Strain
number of muscle fibers torn
active contraction of muscle painful
Depression or divot can be felt somewhere in muscle belly at place of strain
Swelling may occur
ROM decreased due to pain
44
Grade 3 Muscle Strain
complete rupture of muscle
Significant impairment to or perhaps total loss of mvm’t due to disruption of nerve fibers
initially intense pain but quickly diminishes b/c of complete unloading
45
how long does it take to heal a muscle strain?
6-8 weeks
46
how to prevent muscle soreness
Beginning exercise at a moderate level and gradually progressing the intensity of exercise overtime
47
True or False: A tendon is usually double the strength of the muscle it serves?
True
48
what 5 basic functions do bones perform?
1. body support
2. Organ protection
3. Movement
4. Calcium storage
5. Formation of blood cells (hematopoises)
49
what are the three types of muscles in the body?
1. smooth
2. cardiac
3. striated
50
what are the two types of muscle soreness?
1. Acute-onset muscle soreness
2. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
51
what are the two types of muscle spasms?
1. clonic -> alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession
2. Tonic -> rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time
52
what bones does OA most effect?
weight bearing bones
- knees
- hips
- L/S
*shoulders and c/s also affected
53
What is a latent MFTP?
No pain at rest
May restrict movement or cause muscle weakness
May become aware of pain when pressure applied to trigger point
54
What is a muscle cramp?
Extremely painful involuntary muscle contraction
55
what is a muscle spasm?
Involuntary muscle contraction, resulting in increased tension and shortening of the muscle
56
What is an active MFTP?
pain at rest
Firm pressure usually elicits “jump sign”
tender on palpation
pain described as spreading or radiating
57
What is Mechanical Injury
when a force applied to nay part of the body results in a harmful disturbance in function and or structure
58
what is muscle soreness?
Usually resulting from some physical activity to which they are unaccustomed
59
what is osteoarthritis?
Degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage, exposing underline bone
60
what muscle types are AT’s Biggest Concerns?
Skeletal and striated
61
why does it take so long for ligament sprains to heal?
low blood supply
62
5 Types of Tissue Loading producing stress and strain
1. Compression
2. Tension
3. Shearing
4. Bending
5. Torsion
63
Acute Onset Muscle Soreness
Accompanies fatigue
Transient and occurs during and immediately after exercise
64
At what % of a load increase is a tendons breaking point?
6%-8%
65
Bone Structure: Articular Cartilage
at ends of long bones, covering joint surfaces of epiphysis
Provides protection during movement and cushions jars and blows
66
Bone Structure: Diaphysis
Main shaft of long bone
Hollow and cylindrical and covered in compact bone
67
Bone Structure: endosteum
lines medullar cavity
68
Bone Structure: epiphysis
located at ends of long bones
Composed primarily of cancellous bone, giving it sponge-like appearance
69
Bone Structure: medullary cavity
hollow tube in long bone diaphysis
Contains a yellow, fatty marrow in adults
70
Bone Structure: Periosteum
Covers long bones
71
Causes of DOMS
may occur from very small tears in the muscle tissue
May occur from disruption of the connective tissue that holds muscle tendon fibres together
72
Definition: Atrophy
wasting away of muscle tissue
Main causes are immobilization, inactivity and loss of nerve innervation
73
Definition: Blowout Fracture
occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye
74
Definition: Capsulitis
chronic inflammatory condition occurring after repeated joint sprains of micro traumas
75
Definition: closed fracture
little or no movement or displacement of the broken bones
76
Definition: Contracture
Abnormal shortening of muscle tissues, great deal of resistance to passive touch
77
Definition: Creep
deformation in the shape and/or properties of a tissue that occurs with the application of a constant load over time
78
Definition: Deformation
internal strain placed on the tissues from stress
79
Definition: Diastasis
Separation of two articulating bones
80
Definition: Elasticity
property allowing a tissue to return to normal following deformation
81
Definition: hyperesthesia
Increased sense of feeling such as pain or touch
82
Definition: hypoesthesia
diminished sense of feeling
83
Definition: Load
external force acting on tissues that causes internal reactions within the tissues
84
Definition: Mechanical Failure
Ability of the tissue to withstand stress and strain is exceeded
85
Definition: Muscle Strain
muscle overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of the muscle fibres occurs
86
Definition: Neuritis chronic nerve problem
87
Definition: Neuropraxia
interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber
88
Definition: Open fracture
enough displacement of the fractured ends that the bones breaks through surrounding tissues, including the skin
Increases the possibility of infection
89
Definition: Overuse
chronic -> occur with repetitive dynamics of running, throwing or jumping
or
recurrent -> traumatic injuries that occur multiple times
90
Definition: Paresthesia
numbness, prickling, ot tingling, which may occur from a direct blow to or stretch of an area
91
Definition: Sarcoplasm
semifluid inside the muscle fiber cell
92
Definition: Stiffness
relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load
93
Definition: Strain
Extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded
94
Definition: Stress
internal resistance of the tissue when it is loaded
95
Definition: Synovitis
active joint congestion with edema (chronic)
96
Definition: Tedninitis
Inflammation of the tendon
97
Definition: Tendinopathy
most used to refer to tendinitis and tendinitis
98
Definition: Tendinosis
microtears and degeneration of a tendon
99
Definition: Trauma
Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force
100
Definition: Trauma
Physical injury or wound that is produced by an external or internal force
101
Definition: Yield Point
tissue deformed to extent that it no longer reacts elasticity
102
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
appears approximately 12 hours after injury
Becomes most intense after 20-48 hours
becomes symptoms free after 3-4 days
103
Grade 1 Muscle Strain
some fibers stretched or actually torn
Some tenderness and pain on AROM
Mvm’t painful, full ROM possible
104
Grade 2 Muscle Strain
number of muscle fibers torn
active contraction of muscle painful
Depression or divot can be felt somewhere in muscle belly at place of strain
Swelling may occur
ROM decreased due to pain
105
Grade 3 Muscle Strain
complete rupture of muscle
Significant impairment to or perhaps total loss of mvm’t due to disruption of nerve fibers
initially intense pain but quickly diminishes b/c of complete unloading
106
how long does it take to heal a muscle strain?
6-8 weeks
107
how to prevent muscle soreness
Beginning exercise at a moderate level and gradually progressing the intensity of exercise overtime
108
True or False: A tendon is usually double the strength of the muscle it serves?
True
109
what 5 basic functions do bones perform?
1. body support
2. Organ protection
3. Movement
4. Calcium storage
5. Formation of blood cells (hematopoises)
110
what are the three types of muscles in the body?
1. smooth
2. cardiac
3. striated
111
what are the two types of muscle soreness?
1. Acute-onset muscle soreness
2. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
112
what are the two types of muscle spasms?
1. clonic -> alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession
2. Tonic -> rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time
113
what bones does OA most effect?
weight bearing bones
- knees
- hips
- L/S
*shoulders and c/s also affected
114
What is a latent MFTP?
No pain at rest
May restrict movement or cause muscle weakness
May become aware of pain when pressure applied to trigger point
115
What is a muscle cramp?
Extremely painful involuntary muscle contraction
116
what is a muscle spasm?
Involuntary muscle contraction, resulting in increased tension and shortening of the muscle
117
What is an active MFTP?
pain at rest
Firm pressure usually elicits “jump sign”
tender on palpation
pain described as spreading or radiating
118
What is Mechanical Injury
when a force applied to nay part of the body results in a harmful disturbance in function and or structure
119
what is muscle soreness?
Usually resulting from some physical activity to which they are unaccustomed
120
what is osteoarthritis?
Degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage, exposing underline bone
121
what muscle types are AT’s Biggest Concerns?
Skeletal and striated
122
why does it take so long for ligament sprains to heal?
low blood supply
