Chapter 12 Flashcards
Abnormal Nerve Response: blocking of a severe artery
severe pain, loss of sensation or lack of a pulse in a limb
Abnormal Nerve Response: complete lack of pain or of awareness of serious but obvious injury
shock, hysteria, drug usage, spinal cord injury
Abnormal Nerve Response: generalized or localized pain in injured region
no injury to the spinal cord
Abnormal Nerve Response: numbness or tingling in a limb without movement
nerve or cold damage
Assessing skin colour in a dark skinned individual
normally have colouration of nail beds, inside of lips mouth and tongue
Fever noted by a red flush at tips of ears
How to manage shock
maintain body temp as close to normal as possible
Elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches (for some)
Instruct to lie down and avoid viewing injury
Pupils: constricted
May indicate pt is using CNS depressant drug
Pupils: Dilated
May have sustained head injury, may be experiencing shock, heatstroke or hemorrhage
Pupils: response to light
one or both pupils fail to accommodate to light, may be head injury or alcohol or drug poisoning
Respiratory Patterns: Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing
Respiratory Patterns: Bradypnea
slow breathing
Respiratory Patterns: Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
Respiratory Patterns: Hyperventialtion
labored breathing
Respiratory Patterns: Obstructed
blocked airway caused by either partial or complete obstruction
Respiratory Patterns: Tachypnea
rapid breathing
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
moist, pale, cool, clammy skin
Weak and rapid pulse
Increased and shallow respiratory rate
Decreased blood pressure
urinary retention and fecal incontinence (in severe situations)
Skin Colour: Bluish
(skin lips or fingers)
Airway obstruction or respiratory insufficiency
Skin Colour: Flushed or red
heat stroke, sunburn allergic reaction, high BP, elevated temperature
Skin Colour: Pale, Ashen or white
Insufficient circulation, shock fight, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion or insulin shock
Skin Colour: Yellowish
(jaundice)
Liver disease or dysfunction
Types of Shock: Anaphylactic
result of severe allergic reaction caused by foods, insect bites, or drugs
EpiPen needed
Types of Shock: Cardiogenic
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the body
Types of Shock: Hypovolemic
Stems from trauma in which blood is lost
Decreased blood volume cause decrease in BP
Organs are not properly supplied with oxygen
Types of Shock: Metabolic
when a severe illness (e.g. diabetes) goes untreated
Also, extreme loss of body fluid (urination, vomiting, diarrhea)
Types of Shock: Neurogenic
caused by general dilation of blood vessels
CV system can no longer supply oxygen to body
Types of Shock: Psychogenic
Aka fainting (syncope)
Caused by a temporary dilation of blood vessels
Types of Shock: Respiratory
when lungs are enable to supply enough oxygen to circulating blood
Types of Shock: Septic
severe, usually bacterial infection
Toxins cause small blood vessels to dilate
Vital Signs: Abnormal Nerve Response
injured patients pain or other reactions to adverse stimuli can provide valuable clues
Vital Signs: Blood Pressure
Resting BP for 15-20 yr old males should be less then 120mmHg (systolic) and less than 80mmHg (diastolic)
Resting BP for females is usually 8-10mmHg lower than males
Vital Signs: Level of Consciousness
A - alert
V - verbal
P - pain
U - unresponsive
Vital Signs: Movement
Inability to move a body part can indicate a serious CNS injury
Inability to move one side of the body can be caused by a head injury or cerebrovascular accident
Bilateral tingling and numbness or sensory or motor deficits of the upper extremity may indicate a cervical spine injury
Weakness or inability to move the lower extremities could mean an injury below the neck, and pressure on spinal cords
Vital Signs: Pulse
normal rate for adults - 60-100 bpm
Normal rate for kids - 80-100 bpm
Vital Signs: Pupils
P - pupils
E - equal
A - and
R - round, reactive to
L - light
A - accommodating
Vital Signs: Respiration
normal breathing rate for adults 12-20 breaths/min
normal breathing rate for kids 15-30 breaths/min
Vital Signs: Skin Colour
skin can be a good indicator of state of health
Vital Signs: Temperature
Normally 98.2 degrees F (36.8 degrees C) to 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C)
* core temp most accurate in rectum
What are the devices used to maintain an opened airway?
OPA - Oropharyngeal Airway
NPA - Nasopharyngeal Airway
SGA - Supraglottic Airway
what could hypotension (lowered BP) indicate?
Hemorrhage, shock, heart attack or internal organ injury
When is shock most likely to occur?
severe bleeding, fractures or internal injuries
