Chapter 12

Question 1

Abnormal Nerve Response: blocking of a severe artery

Answer 1

severe pain, loss of sensation or lack of a pulse in a limb

Question 2

Abnormal Nerve Response: complete lack of pain or of awareness of serious but obvious injury

Answer 2

shock, hysteria, drug usage, spinal cord injury

Question 3

Abnormal Nerve Response: generalized or localized pain in injured region

Answer 3

no injury to the spinal cord

Question 4

Abnormal Nerve Response: numbness or tingling in a limb without movement

Answer 4

nerve or cold damage

Question 5

Assessing skin colour in a dark skinned individual

Answer 5

normally have colouration of nail beds, inside of lips mouth and tongue
Fever noted by a red flush at tips of ears

Question 6

How to manage shock

Answer 6

maintain body temp as close to normal as possible
Elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches (for some)
Instruct to lie down and avoid viewing injury

Question 7

Pupils: constricted

Answer 7

May indicate pt is using CNS depressant drug

Question 8

Pupils: Dilated

Answer 8

May have sustained head injury, may be experiencing shock, heatstroke or hemorrhage

Question 9

Pupils: response to light

Answer 9

one or both pupils fail to accommodate to light, may be head injury or alcohol or drug poisoning

Question 10

Respiratory Patterns: Apnea

Answer 10

Temporary cessation of breathing

Question 11

Respiratory Patterns: Bradypnea

Answer 11

slow breathing

Question 12

Respiratory Patterns: Dyspnea

Answer 12

Difficult breathing

Question 13

Respiratory Patterns: Hyperventialtion

Answer 13

labored breathing

Question 14

Respiratory Patterns: Obstructed

Answer 14

blocked airway caused by either partial or complete obstruction

Question 15

Respiratory Patterns: Tachypnea

Answer 15

rapid breathing

Question 16

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Answer 16

moist, pale, cool, clammy skin
Weak and rapid pulse
Increased and shallow respiratory rate
Decreased blood pressure
urinary retention and fecal incontinence (in severe situations)

Question 17

Skin Colour: Bluish

Answer 17

(skin lips or fingers)
Airway obstruction or respiratory insufficiency

Question 18

Skin Colour: Flushed or red

Answer 18

heat stroke, sunburn allergic reaction, high BP, elevated temperature

Question 19

Skin Colour: Pale, Ashen or white

Answer 19

Insufficient circulation, shock fight, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion or insulin shock

Question 20

Skin Colour: Yellowish

Answer 20

(jaundice)
Liver disease or dysfunction

Question 21

Types of Shock: Anaphylactic

Answer 21

result of severe allergic reaction caused by foods, insect bites, or drugs
EpiPen needed

Question 22

Types of Shock: Cardiogenic

Answer 22

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the body

Question 23

Types of Shock: Hypovolemic

Answer 23

Stems from trauma in which blood is lost
Decreased blood volume cause decrease in BP
Organs are not properly supplied with oxygen

Question 24

Types of Shock: Metabolic

Answer 24

when a severe illness (e.g. diabetes) goes untreated
Also, extreme loss of body fluid (urination, vomiting, diarrhea)

Question 25

Types of Shock: Neurogenic

Answer 25

caused by general dilation of blood vessels
CV system can no longer supply oxygen to body

Question 26

Types of Shock: Psychogenic

Answer 26

Aka fainting (syncope)
Caused by a temporary dilation of blood vessels

Question 27

Types of Shock: Respiratory

Answer 27

when lungs are enable to supply enough oxygen to circulating blood

Question 28

Types of Shock: Septic

Answer 28

severe, usually bacterial infection
Toxins cause small blood vessels to dilate

Question 29

Vital Signs: Abnormal Nerve Response

Answer 29

injured patients pain or other reactions to adverse stimuli can provide valuable clues

Question 30

Vital Signs: Blood Pressure

Answer 30

Resting BP for 15-20 yr old males should be less then 120mmHg (systolic) and less than 80mmHg (diastolic)
Resting BP for females is usually 8-10mmHg lower than males

Question 31

Vital Signs: Level of Consciousness

Answer 31

A - alert
V - verbal
P - pain
U - unresponsive

Question 32

Vital Signs: Movement

Answer 32

Inability to move a body part can indicate a serious CNS injury
Inability to move one side of the body can be caused by a head injury or cerebrovascular accident
Bilateral tingling and numbness or sensory or motor deficits of the upper extremity may indicate a cervical spine injury
Weakness or inability to move the lower extremities could mean an injury below the neck, and pressure on spinal cords

Question 33

Vital Signs: Pulse

Answer 33

normal rate for adults - 60-100 bpm
Normal rate for kids - 80-100 bpm

Question 34

Vital Signs: Pupils

Answer 34

P - pupils
E - equal
A - and
R - round, reactive to
L - light
A - accommodating

Question 35

Vital Signs: Respiration

Answer 35

normal breathing rate for adults 12-20 breaths/min
normal breathing rate for kids 15-30 breaths/min

Question 36

Vital Signs: Skin Colour

Answer 36

skin can be a good indicator of state of health

Question 37

Vital Signs: Temperature

Answer 37

Normally 98.2 degrees F (36.8 degrees C) to 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C)
* core temp most accurate in rectum

Question 38

What are the devices used to maintain an opened airway?

Answer 38

OPA - Oropharyngeal Airway
NPA - Nasopharyngeal Airway
SGA - Supraglottic Airway

Question 39

what could hypotension (lowered BP) indicate?

Answer 39

Hemorrhage, shock, heart attack or internal organ injury

Question 40

When is shock most likely to occur?

Answer 40

severe bleeding, fractures or internal injuries