Chapter 14 Flashcards
5 stages occurring when a pathogen enters a host
- Incubation Stage
- Prodromal Stage
- Acute Stage
- Decline Stage
- Recovery Stage
Acute Stage:
disease reaches its greatest development
Transmission to others at it highest
Bloodborne Pathogens
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency (HIV)
Decline Stage:
First signs of recovery appear, signaling the infection is ending
Can experience a relapse if they overextend themselves
Hepatitis B management
Receive Hep B immunization
Hepatitis B Prevention
good personal hygiene, avoiding high risk activities
Can survive for attest one week in dried blood or on contaminated surfaces
Hepatitis B Signs and Symptoms
Flu-like symptoms -> fatigue, weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, dark urine, possibly jaundice
Possible to have no signs or symptoms
85% affected recover within 6-8 weeks
Hepatitis C Management
no vaccine
Eval for liver disease
Hepatitis C Prevention
Don’t share needles, razors. Syringes, toothbrushes, tattoo needles, piercing needles
Hepatitis C Signs and Symptoms
Jaundice, mild abdominal pain in upper right quadrant, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, muscle or joint pain, dark urine
80% infected have no signs or symptoms
HIV signs and symptoms: acute phase
fatigue, weight loss muscle or joint pain, painful or swollen glands, night sweats, fever
HIV signs and symptoms: after acute phase
HIV infected enter an asymptomatic phase and may go 8-10 years before developing signs and symptoms
Incubation Stage:
Time pathogen enters body until it multiplies to the point where signs an symptoms appear
Can last from a few hours to years
Prodromal Stage:
Variety of signs and symptoms may briefly develop
Pathogenic agent continues to multiply and host is capable of transferring pathogens to a new host
Should be isolated to prevent transmission to others
Recovery Stage:
Characterized by apparent recovery from pathogen
Susceptible to other pathogens
Body has built up immunity
What are the 3 types of direct transmission?
- Contact between body surfaces
- Droplet spread
- Fecal oral spread
what are the most common pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi
What is the single most important practice for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
Hand washing
What organ does Hepatitis B attack?
liver
