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NCE > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

5 factors body temperature can be affected by

A
  1. Metabolic heat protection
  2. Conductive heat exchange
  3. Convective heat exchange
  4. Radiant heat exchange
  5. Evaporative heat loss
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2
Q

causes of heat syncope

A

Standing in heat for long periods of time
Not being accustomed to exercising in the heat
peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels, hypotension or a pooling of blood in the extremities

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3
Q

deep frostbite treatment

A

immersed in warm water bath

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4
Q

exertional heat exhaustion treatment

A

Immediate removal from play, taken to shaded area and lie down with legs elevated

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5
Q

how is frost nip treated?

A

early by firm sustained pressure (no rubbing)
Blowing hot breath on spots,, placing fingers in armpits

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6
Q

how much can a normal person sweat

A

about 1 quart of water per 2 hours

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7
Q

how to prevent cold stress?

A

Apparel geared to weather
Non-restricting clothing
warmup suits
replace fluids

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8
Q

how to prevent heat loss?

A

hydration
hyponatremia
dehydration
fluid and electrolyte replacement
gradual acclimatization
Identification of susceptible individuals
appropriate uniforms
maintaining weight records
monitoring heat index

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9
Q

How to relieve heat syncope?

A

lying athlete in a cool environment, elevating lower extremities and replacing fluids

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10
Q

how to stay safe during lightning

A

seek a protective shelter in an indoor facility
If not available, seek fully enclosed metal vehicles
if not available, avoid standing near large trees, flagpoles or light poles

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11
Q

how to treat chilbain

A

removing wet or constrictive clothing and covering with warm, loose, dry clothing
DO NOT
- disturb blisters
- apply friction massage
- apply creams or lotions
- use high levels of heat

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12
Q

management of Exertional heat stroke

A

Aggressive and immediate whole body cooling
- immerse in cold water bath up to neck, remove equipment and clothing
- sponge with cool water and fan with towel
- ice bags on neck and major blood vessels

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13
Q

mild hypothermia signs and symptoms

A

vigorous shivering
Increased BP
fine motor skill impairment
lethargy
apathy
mild amnesia
rectal temp - btwn 98.66 degrees F and 95.6 degrees F

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14
Q

Mild hypothermia treatment

A

moving to warm dry area
Removing wet or damp clothing
blankets for rewarming
heat only to trunk, axilla, chest wall and groin
warm beverages and food

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15
Q

Results of Heat Syncope

A

dizziness, nausea, fainting

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16
Q

signs and symptoms of exertional heat exhaustion?

A

Dehydration, electrolyte depletion, pale skin, profuse sweating, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, persistent muscle cramps, dizziness, loss of coordination

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17
Q

signs and symptoms of exertional heat stroke

A

altered consciousness, seizures, confusion, emotional instability, irrational behaviour, decreased mental acuity, shallow fast breathing, rapid strong pulse, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dehydration, weakness, decreased BP

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18
Q

signs and symptoms of moderate/severe hypothermia

A

Cessation of shivering
Very cold skin
depressed vital signs progressing to impaired mental function
slurred speech
unconsciousness
gross motor skill impairment
arrhythmia in severe hypothermia
rectal temp (moderate) - btwn 90.6 and 95.6 degrees F
rectal temp (severe) - below 90.6 degrees F

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19
Q

Superficial frostbite symptoms

A

edema, redness or mottles gray skin appearance, stiffness, transient tingling or burning

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20
Q

Superficial frostbite treatment

A

Rewarm by immersing in warm water
Avoid freezing, friction massage

21
Q

Symptoms of Exercise Associated Muscle (heat) cramps

A

pain, dehydration, thirst, sweating, fatigue

22
Q

Symptoms of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

A

dyspnea, cough, weakness, headache, unconsciousness

23
Q

treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

A

moving athlete to lower altitude asap and give oxygen

24
Q

What are Exercise Associated Muscle (heat) cramps ?

A

Extremely painful muscle cramps that occur during or after exercise
Most common in calf and abdomen

25
Q

What is acute exertional rhabdomyolysis?

A

Sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by leakage of myoglobin and muscle enzymes into vascular system

26
Q

what is chillibain?

A

results from prolonged and constant exposure to cold for more than 60 mins with 50degrees F temp or lower
Skin redness, swelling, tingling and pain in toes and fingers

27
Q

What is Circadian Dysrhythmia?

A

Jet lag
physical and mental effects caused by traveling rapidly across several time zones

28
Q

What is Cold stress?

A

form of hypothermia
Low temps accentuated by wind and dampness

29
Q

What is conductive heat exchange?

A

Physical contact with other objects, resulting in heat loss or heat gain
(Athlete on turf on a sunny day)

30
Q

what is convective heat exchange?

A

occurs when a mass of air or water moves around an individual
Body heat lost or gained, depending on temp of circulating medium

31
Q

what is deep frostbite

A

tissues are frozen
Medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization

32
Q

what is evaporative heat loss?

A

Sweat evaporation -> sweat glands in skin allow water to be transported to the surface for evaporation, take large quantities of heat with it

33
Q

what is exertional heat exhaustion?

A

more moderate form of heat illness occurring from environmental heat stress and strenuous physical exercise

34
Q

What is exertional heat stroke?

A

Serious life threatening emergency
Body loses ability to dissipate heat through sweating

35
Q

what is frost nip

A

common cold injury affecting ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes
Occurs with high winds severe cold or both
skin appears firm either cold, painless ares that can peel or blister

36
Q

What is Heat Stress?

A

Illness due to increased body temperatures

37
Q

What is heat syncope (heat collapse)?

A

rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat

38
Q

What is high altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

A

Life-threatening condition that can lead to coma or death
Usually in conjunction with HAPE

39
Q

What is high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)?

A

Lungs accumulate a small amount of fluid within alveolar walls
Fluid absorbed in a few days in most ppl
may occur at an altitude of 9,000 to 10,000 feet

40
Q

What is Hyperthermia?

A

Condition in which the body temperature is elevated

41
Q

what is malignant hyperthermia?

A

rare, genetically inherited muscle disorder causing hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environments

42
Q

what is metabolic heat production?

A

heat released from muscle metabolism
Metabolism always causes an increase in body heat, depending on intensity of physical activity
higher metabolic rate = more heat produced

43
Q

what is prickly heat?

A

Heat rash - benign condition associated with red, raised rash accompanied by sensations of prickling and tingling during sweat

44
Q

What is radiant heat exchange?

A

radiant heat from sunshine causing an increase in body temperature

45
Q

what is superficial frostbite?

A

only the skin and subcutaneous tissue

46
Q

What is the most severe form of heat illness?

A

exertional heat stroke

47
Q

What is the number two cause of death by weather phenomena

A

lightning, accounting for 110 deaths per year

48
Q

when to transport athlete with exertional heat stroke?

A

ASAP after lowering internal body temp to 102 degrees F

NCE (26 decks)

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