Chapter 6 Flashcards
5 factors body temperature can be affected by
- Metabolic heat protection
- Conductive heat exchange
- Convective heat exchange
- Radiant heat exchange
- Evaporative heat loss
causes of heat syncope
Standing in heat for long periods of time
Not being accustomed to exercising in the heat
peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels, hypotension or a pooling of blood in the extremities
deep frostbite treatment
immersed in warm water bath
exertional heat exhaustion treatment
Immediate removal from play, taken to shaded area and lie down with legs elevated
how is frost nip treated?
early by firm sustained pressure (no rubbing)
Blowing hot breath on spots,, placing fingers in armpits
how much can a normal person sweat
about 1 quart of water per 2 hours
how to prevent cold stress?
Apparel geared to weather
Non-restricting clothing
warmup suits
replace fluids
how to prevent heat loss?
hydration
hyponatremia
dehydration
fluid and electrolyte replacement
gradual acclimatization
Identification of susceptible individuals
appropriate uniforms
maintaining weight records
monitoring heat index
How to relieve heat syncope?
lying athlete in a cool environment, elevating lower extremities and replacing fluids
how to stay safe during lightning
seek a protective shelter in an indoor facility
If not available, seek fully enclosed metal vehicles
if not available, avoid standing near large trees, flagpoles or light poles
how to treat chilbain
removing wet or constrictive clothing and covering with warm, loose, dry clothing
DO NOT
- disturb blisters
- apply friction massage
- apply creams or lotions
- use high levels of heat
management of Exertional heat stroke
Aggressive and immediate whole body cooling
- immerse in cold water bath up to neck, remove equipment and clothing
- sponge with cool water and fan with towel
- ice bags on neck and major blood vessels
mild hypothermia signs and symptoms
vigorous shivering
Increased BP
fine motor skill impairment
lethargy
apathy
mild amnesia
rectal temp - btwn 98.66 degrees F and 95.6 degrees F
Mild hypothermia treatment
moving to warm dry area
Removing wet or damp clothing
blankets for rewarming
heat only to trunk, axilla, chest wall and groin
warm beverages and food
Results of Heat Syncope
dizziness, nausea, fainting
signs and symptoms of exertional heat exhaustion?
Dehydration, electrolyte depletion, pale skin, profuse sweating, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, persistent muscle cramps, dizziness, loss of coordination
signs and symptoms of exertional heat stroke
altered consciousness, seizures, confusion, emotional instability, irrational behaviour, decreased mental acuity, shallow fast breathing, rapid strong pulse, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dehydration, weakness, decreased BP
signs and symptoms of moderate/severe hypothermia
Cessation of shivering
Very cold skin
depressed vital signs progressing to impaired mental function
slurred speech
unconsciousness
gross motor skill impairment
arrhythmia in severe hypothermia
rectal temp (moderate) - btwn 90.6 and 95.6 degrees F
rectal temp (severe) - below 90.6 degrees F
Superficial frostbite symptoms
edema, redness or mottles gray skin appearance, stiffness, transient tingling or burning
Superficial frostbite treatment
Rewarm by immersing in warm water
Avoid freezing, friction massage
Symptoms of Exercise Associated Muscle (heat) cramps
pain, dehydration, thirst, sweating, fatigue
Symptoms of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
dyspnea, cough, weakness, headache, unconsciousness
treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
moving athlete to lower altitude asap and give oxygen
What are Exercise Associated Muscle (heat) cramps ?
Extremely painful muscle cramps that occur during or after exercise
Most common in calf and abdomen
What is acute exertional rhabdomyolysis?
Sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by leakage of myoglobin and muscle enzymes into vascular system
what is chillibain?
results from prolonged and constant exposure to cold for more than 60 mins with 50degrees F temp or lower
Skin redness, swelling, tingling and pain in toes and fingers
What is Circadian Dysrhythmia?
Jet lag
physical and mental effects caused by traveling rapidly across several time zones
What is Cold stress?
form of hypothermia
Low temps accentuated by wind and dampness
What is conductive heat exchange?
Physical contact with other objects, resulting in heat loss or heat gain
(Athlete on turf on a sunny day)
what is convective heat exchange?
occurs when a mass of air or water moves around an individual
Body heat lost or gained, depending on temp of circulating medium
what is deep frostbite
tissues are frozen
Medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization
what is evaporative heat loss?
Sweat evaporation -> sweat glands in skin allow water to be transported to the surface for evaporation, take large quantities of heat with it
what is exertional heat exhaustion?
more moderate form of heat illness occurring from environmental heat stress and strenuous physical exercise
What is exertional heat stroke?
Serious life threatening emergency
Body loses ability to dissipate heat through sweating
what is frost nip
common cold injury affecting ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes
Occurs with high winds severe cold or both
skin appears firm either cold, painless ares that can peel or blister
What is Heat Stress?
Illness due to increased body temperatures
What is heat syncope (heat collapse)?
rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat
What is high altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
Life-threatening condition that can lead to coma or death
Usually in conjunction with HAPE
What is high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)?
Lungs accumulate a small amount of fluid within alveolar walls
Fluid absorbed in a few days in most ppl
may occur at an altitude of 9,000 to 10,000 feet
What is Hyperthermia?
Condition in which the body temperature is elevated
what is malignant hyperthermia?
rare, genetically inherited muscle disorder causing hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environments
what is metabolic heat production?
heat released from muscle metabolism
Metabolism always causes an increase in body heat, depending on intensity of physical activity
higher metabolic rate = more heat produced
what is prickly heat?
Heat rash - benign condition associated with red, raised rash accompanied by sensations of prickling and tingling during sweat
What is radiant heat exchange?
radiant heat from sunshine causing an increase in body temperature
what is superficial frostbite?
only the skin and subcutaneous tissue
What is the most severe form of heat illness?
exertional heat stroke
What is the number two cause of death by weather phenomena
lightning, accounting for 110 deaths per year
when to transport athlete with exertional heat stroke?
ASAP after lowering internal body temp to 102 degrees F
