Chapter 5

Question 1

6 Major Classes of Nutrients

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats (lipids)
3. Proteins
4. Water
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals

Question 2

A loss of what can produce muscle cramps and intolerance to heat?

Answer 2

Electrolytes

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

bodys most efficient source of energy, should be relied on to fill those needs

Question 4

Examples of Antioxidants

Answer 4

Vitamin C
Vitamins E
Beat-carotene

Question 5

examples of electrolytes

Answer 5

sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium and calcium

Question 6

Examples of Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 6

A, D, E, K
Found in fatty portions of foods and oils
Possible to consume excess amounts, can accumulate and lead to toxicity if the upper intake levels are exceeded

Question 7

Examples of Water-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 7

Vitamin C
B-Complex Vitamins

Question 8

Fiber

Answer 8

forms structural parts of plants and is not digested by humans

Question 9

How many amino acids are most proteins made up of

Answer 9

20

Question 10

how many mineral elements have a role in body function sea must be supplied in the diet?

Answer 10

More than 20

Question 11

how much water makes up the body?

Answer 11

60-70%

Question 12

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats)

Answer 12

absorbable components of food from which energy is derived

Question 13

Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and water)

Answer 13

Necessary for regulating normal body functions
Do not provide energy

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

Make up the major structural components of the body
Needed for growth, maintenance and repair of all body tissues
Needed to make enzymes, many hormones and antibodies that help fight infection

Question 15

saturated vs unsaturated fats

Answer 15

saturated
- derived mainly from animal sources
unsaturated
- subdivided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
- plants and liquid at room temp

Question 16

Signs Shown with Anorexia Athletica

Question 17

three major functions of nutrients

Answer 17

1. the growth, repair and maintenance of all tissues
2. the regulation of body processes
3. The production of energy

Question 18

Trans Fatty Acid (trans fat)

Answer 18

Increase risk of heart disease by boosting levels of bad cholesterol

Question 19

Two Groups of Vitamins

Answer 19

1. Fat-soluble vitamins - dissolved in fats and stored in the body
2. Water-soluble vitamins - dissolved in watery solutions and not stored

Question 20

Vitamin Deficiencies - Deficiency Disease

Answer 20

illness that results from a lack of any nutrient, especially those nutrients such as vitamins needed only in small amounts

Question 21

What are antioxidants?

Answer 21

Prevent premature aging, certain cancers, heart disease and other health problems
Protects vital cell components

Question 22

What are Electrolytes?

Answer 22

electrically charged ions dissolved in body water

Question 23

what are the adequate intakes for men and women?

Answer 23

Men- 3 litres/day
Women - 2.2 litres/day

Question 24

what are the different forms of carbohydrates?

Answer 24

simple
- sugars
complex
- starches and fiber

Question 25

what are the important functions of calcium?

Answer 25

proper bone and teeth formation, blood clotting and muscle contraction

Question 26

What are the two kinds of dietary fibers?

Answer 26

1. Soluble - gums and pectins (oatmeal. Legumes, some fruit) 2. Insoluble - cellulose (whole grain breads and bran cereals)

Question 27

What can binge-purge patterns of eating cause?

Answer 27

stomach rupture, disruption of heart rhythm and liver damage

Question 28

What does exercise increase the need for?

Answer 28

Energy

Question 29

What is Anorexia Athletica?

Answer 29

Specific to athletes Several same factors as anorexia nervosa, without starvation

Question 30

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 30

Distorted body image and a major concern about weight gain Can become life threatening Hyperactive, engaging in abnormal amounts of exercise

Question 31

What is Beta-carotene?

Answer 31

plant pigment found in dark green, deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables * body can convert beta-carotene to vitamin A

Question 32

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 32

Gorging with thousands of calories after a period of starvation and then purging through induced vomiting and fasting or the use of laxatives or diuretics

Question 33

What is Female Athlete Trait Syndrome?

Answer 33

Potentially fatal, involving a combination of eating disorder, amenorrhea and osteoporosis

Question 34

what is the most concentrated source of energy?

Answer 34

fats

Question 35

What is the most essential of all nutrients and should be the greatest concern to athletes

Answer 35

WATER!!

Question 36

What is the recommended amount of Fiber?

Answer 36

Women - 25g/day Men - 38g/day

Question 37

What is the recommended percentage of carbohydrates?

Answer 37

45-65%

Question 38

What is the recommended percentage of fats?

Answer 38

20-30%

Question 39

What is the recommended percentage of protein?

Answer 39

10-35%

Question 40

what mineral plays a role in energy metabolism but is also combined with a protein to form hemoglobin?

Answer 40

Iron

Question 41

what minerals are important for the transmission of nerve impulses?

Answer 41

sodium and potassium

Question 42

where are minerals stored in the body?

Answer 42

liver and bones

Question 43

Who does Bulimia Nervosa commonly affect?

Answer 43

Females