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NCE > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

6 Major Classes of Nutrients

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Fats (lipids)
  3. Proteins
  4. Water
  5. Vitamins
  6. Minerals
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2
Q

A loss of what can produce muscle cramps and intolerance to heat?

A

Electrolytes

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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A

bodys most efficient source of energy, should be relied on to fill those needs

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4
Q

Examples of Antioxidants

A

Vitamin C
Vitamins E
Beat-carotene

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5
Q

examples of electrolytes

A

sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium and calcium

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6
Q

Examples of Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K
Found in fatty portions of foods and oils
Possible to consume excess amounts, can accumulate and lead to toxicity if the upper intake levels are exceeded

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7
Q

Examples of Water-Soluble Vitamins

A

Vitamin C
B-Complex Vitamins

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8
Q

Fiber

A

forms structural parts of plants and is not digested by humans

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9
Q

How many amino acids are most proteins made up of

A

20

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10
Q

how many mineral elements have a role in body function sea must be supplied in the diet?

A

More than 20

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11
Q

how much water makes up the body?

A

60-70%

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12
Q

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats)

A

absorbable components of food from which energy is derived

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13
Q

Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and water)

A

Necessary for regulating normal body functions
Do not provide energy

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14
Q

Proteins

A

Make up the major structural components of the body
Needed for growth, maintenance and repair of all body tissues
Needed to make enzymes, many hormones and antibodies that help fight infection

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15
Q

saturated vs unsaturated fats

A

saturated
- derived mainly from animal sources
unsaturated
- subdivided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
- plants and liquid at room temp

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16
Q

Signs Shown with Anorexia Athletica

A
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17
Q

three major functions of nutrients

A
  1. the growth, repair and maintenance of all tissues
  2. the regulation of body processes
  3. The production of energy
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18
Q

Trans Fatty Acid (trans fat)

A

Increase risk of heart disease by boosting levels of bad cholesterol

19
Q

Two Groups of Vitamins

A
  1. Fat-soluble vitamins - dissolved in fats and stored in the body
  2. Water-soluble vitamins - dissolved in watery solutions and not stored
20
Q

Vitamin Deficiencies - Deficiency Disease

A

illness that results from a lack of any nutrient, especially those nutrients such as vitamins needed only in small amounts

21
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Prevent premature aging, certain cancers, heart disease and other health problems
Protects vital cell components

22
Q

What are Electrolytes?

A

electrically charged ions dissolved in body water

23
Q

what are the adequate intakes for men and women?

A

Men- 3 litres/day
Women - 2.2 litres/day

24
Q

what are the different forms of carbohydrates?

A

simple
- sugars
complex
- starches and fiber

25
Q

what are the important functions of calcium?

A

proper bone and teeth formation, blood clotting and muscle contraction

26
Q

What are the two kinds of dietary fibers?

A
  1. Soluble
    - gums and pectins (oatmeal. Legumes, some fruit)
  2. Insoluble
    - cellulose (whole grain breads and bran cereals)
27
Q

What can binge-purge patterns of eating cause?

A

stomach rupture, disruption of heart rhythm and liver damage

28
Q

What does exercise increase the need for?

A

Energy

29
Q

What is Anorexia Athletica?

A

Specific to athletes
Several same factors as anorexia nervosa, without starvation

30
Q

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

A

Distorted body image and a major concern about weight gain
Can become life threatening
Hyperactive, engaging in abnormal amounts of exercise

31
Q

What is Beta-carotene?

A

plant pigment found in dark green, deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables
* body can convert beta-carotene to vitamin A

32
Q

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

A

Gorging with thousands of calories after a period of starvation and then purging through induced vomiting and fasting or the use of laxatives or diuretics

33
Q

What is Female Athlete Trait Syndrome?

A

Potentially fatal, involving a combination of eating disorder, amenorrhea and osteoporosis

34
Q

what is the most concentrated source of energy?

A

fats

35
Q

What is the most essential of all nutrients and should be the greatest concern to athletes

A

WATER!!

36
Q

What is the recommended amount of Fiber?

A

Women - 25g/day
Men - 38g/day

37
Q

What is the recommended percentage of carbohydrates?

A

45-65%

38
Q

What is the recommended percentage of fats?

A

20-30%

39
Q

What is the recommended percentage of protein?

A

10-35%

40
Q

what mineral plays a role in energy metabolism but is also combined with a protein to form hemoglobin?

A

Iron

41
Q

what minerals are important for the transmission of nerve impulses?

A

sodium and potassium

42
Q

where are minerals stored in the body?

A

liver and bones

43
Q

Who does Bulimia Nervosa commonly affect?

A

Females

NCE (26 decks)

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