Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adolescence

A

Period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenarche

A

Maturing of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advance Directive

A

A written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants (see living will)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Assimilation

A

Adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Attachment

A

Long-standing connection or bond with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Authoritarian Parenting Style

A

Parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often, rigid, and express little warmth to the child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Authoritative Parenting Style

A

Parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

Characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cognitive Empathy

A

Ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conception

A

When a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from about 7 to 11 years old, children can think logically about real (concrete) events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conservation

A

Idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Continuous Development

A

View that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Critical (Sensitive) Period

A

Time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Developmental Milestone

A

Approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Discontinuous Development

A

View that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

Characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

A

A legal document stating that if a person stops breathing or their heart stops, medical personnel such as doctors and nurses are not to take steps to revive or resuscitate the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Egocentrism

A

Preoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Embryo

A

Multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Emerging Adulthood

A

Newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A

Use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Final stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations

26
Q

Gonadarche

A

Maturing of the sex glands

27
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A

Use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements

28
Q

Health Care Proxy

A

A legal document that appoints a specific person to make medical decisions for a patient if they are unable to speak for themselves

29
Q

Hospice

A

Service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

30
Q

Living Will

A

A written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants; may include health care proxy

31
Q

Menarche

A

Beginning of menstrual period; around 12-13 years old

32
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of cell division

33
Q

Motor Skills

A

Ability to move our body and manipulate objects

34
Q

Nature

A

Genes and biology

35
Q

Newborn Reflexes

A

Inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born with

36
Q

Normative Approach

A

Study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones

37
Q

Nurture

A

Environment and culture

38
Q

Object Permanence

A

Idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists

39
Q

Permissive Parenting Style

A

Parents make few demands and rarely use punishment

40
Q

Physical Development

A

Domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

41
Q

Placenta

A

Structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing baby

42
Q

Prenatal Care

A

Medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus

43
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

Second stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from ages 2 to 7, children learn to use symbols and language but do not understand mental operations and often think illogically

44
Q

Primary Sexual Characteristics

A

Organs specifically needed for reproduction

45
Q

Psychosexual Development

A

Process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

46
Q

Psychosocial Development

A

Domain of lifespan development that examines emotions, personality, and social relationships

47
Q

Resistance Attachment

A

Characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of the parent when they attempt to interact with the child

48
Q

Reversibility

A

Principal that objects can by changes, but then returned back to their original form or condition

49
Q

Schema

A

Concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information

50
Q

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

A

Physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs

51
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore

52
Q

Secure Base

A

Parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as they explore their surroundings

53
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

First stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from birth through age 2, a child learns about the world through senses and motor behavior

54
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

A

Social support/friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in earlier years

55
Q

Spermache

A

First male ejaculation

56
Q

Stages of Moral Reasoning

A

Process proposed by Kohlberg; humans move through three stages of moral development
Pre-conventional Morality: obedience and punishment-Individual interest
Conventional Morality: Interpersonal-Authority
Post-conventional Morality: Social contract-Universal Ethics

57
Q

Temperament

A

Innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

58
Q

Teratogen

A

Biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus

59
Q

Uninvolved Parenting Style

A

Parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

60
Q

Zygote

A

Structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta

Psychology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions