Chapter 1 (my notes) Flashcards
Psychology
Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Empirical Method
Method of acquiring knowledge base on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
Introspection
Developed by Wilhelm Wundt.
Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible.
Structuralism
Developed by Edward Titchener.
Focuses on the contents of mental processes rather than their function
Functionalism
Developed by William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce.
Focuses on how mental activities helped an organism fit into an environment
Psychoanalytic Theory
Developed by Sigmund Freud.
Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences
Gestalt Psychology
Developed by Max Wetheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.
Deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception.
Behaviorism
Developed by Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner.
Focuses on learned behavior and its interaction with inborn qualities of the organism.
How actions are influenced by consequences
Humanism
Two most well known are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization - Inner fulfillment
Esteem - Self-worth, accomplishment, confidence
Social - Family, friendship, intimacy, belonging
Security - Safety, employment, assets
Physiological - Food, water, shelter, warmth
What does WEIRD stand for?
Western
Educated
Industrialized
Rich
Democratic
Biopsychology
Study of how our biology influences our behavior
Cognitive Psychology
Area of psychology that focuses on studying thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
Developmental Psychology
Study of development across a lifespan. Interested in physical and mental maturation. (ship of thesius type shi)
Personality Psychology
Focuses on patterns of thought and behaviors that make an individual unique
What does OCEAN stand for?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Social Psychology
How we interact with and relate to others
Health Psychology
How health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. Also called the biopsychosocial model.
Sport and Exercise Psychology
Study of psychological aspects of sport performance, including motivation and performance anxiety
Clinical Psychology
Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
Counseling Psychology
Similar to Clinical Psychology. Focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes in individuals who are considered psychologically healthy
Forensic Psychology
Deals with questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the judicial system. e.g., assessing a person’s competency to stand trial, assess the state of mind of a defendant, act as consultants on child custody cases, consult sentencing and treatment recommendations, advice on issues like eyewitness and children’s testimony
Dissertation
A long research paper or bundled published articles describing research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training.
