Chapter 1 (my notes)

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

Empirical Method

Answer 2

Method of acquiring knowledge base on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Question 3

Introspection

Answer 3

Developed by Wilhelm Wundt.
Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible.

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

Developed by Edward Titchener.
Focuses on the contents of mental processes rather than their function

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

Developed by William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce.
Focuses on how mental activities helped an organism fit into an environment

Question 6

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 6

Developed by Sigmund Freud.
Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences

Question 7

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 7

Developed by Max Wetheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.
Deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception.

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

Developed by Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner.
Focuses on learned behavior and its interaction with inborn qualities of the organism.
How actions are influenced by consequences

Question 9

Humanism

Answer 9

Two most well known are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Question 10

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 10

Self-Actualization - Inner fulfillment
Esteem - Self-worth, accomplishment, confidence
Social - Family, friendship, intimacy, belonging
Security - Safety, employment, assets
Physiological - Food, water, shelter, warmth

Question 11

What does WEIRD stand for?

Answer 11

Western
Educated
Industrialized
Rich
Democratic

Question 12

Biopsychology

Answer 12

Study of how our biology influences our behavior

Question 13

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 13

Area of psychology that focuses on studying thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Question 14

Developmental Psychology

Answer 14

Study of development across a lifespan. Interested in physical and mental maturation. (ship of thesius type shi)

Question 15

Personality Psychology

Answer 15

Focuses on patterns of thought and behaviors that make an individual unique

Question 16

What does OCEAN stand for?

Answer 16

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 17

Social Psychology

Answer 17

How we interact with and relate to others

Question 19

Health Psychology

Answer 19

How health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. Also called the biopsychosocial model.

Question 20

Sport and Exercise Psychology

Answer 20

Study of psychological aspects of sport performance, including motivation and performance anxiety

Question 21

Clinical Psychology

Answer 21

Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

Question 22

Counseling Psychology

Answer 22

Similar to Clinical Psychology. Focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes in individuals who are considered psychologically healthy

Question 23

Forensic Psychology

Answer 23

Deals with questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the judicial system. e.g., assessing a person’s competency to stand trial, assess the state of mind of a defendant, act as consultants on child custody cases, consult sentencing and treatment recommendations, advice on issues like eyewitness and children’s testimony

Question 24

Dissertation

Answer 24

A long research paper or bundled published articles describing research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training.