Chapter 11

Question 1

Anal Stage

Answer 1

Psychosexual stage in which children experience pleasure in their bowel and bladder movements

Question 2

Analytical Psychology

Answer 2

Jung’s theory focusing on the balance of opposing forces within one’s personality and the significance of the collective unconscious

Question 3

Archetype

Answer 3

Pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Question 4

Collective Unconscious

Answer 4

Common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next

Question 5

Congruence

Answer 5

State of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar

Question 6

Conscious

Answer 6

Mental activity (thoughts, feelings, and memories) that we can access at any time

Question 7

Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB)

Answer 7

Projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

All of the beliefs, customs, art, and traditions of a particular society

Question 9

Defense Mechanism

Answer 9

Unconscious protective behaviors designed to reduce ego anxiety

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

Ego defense mechanism in which a person transfers inappropriate urges or behaviors toward a more acceptable or less threatening target

Question 10

Ego

Answer 10

Aspect of personality that represents the self, or the part of one’s personality that is visible to others

Question 11

Five Factor Model

Answer 11

Theory that personality is composed of five factors, including openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 12

Genital Stage

Answer 12

Psychosexual stage in which the focus is on mature sexual interests

Question 13

Heritability

Answer 13

Proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics

Question 14

Id

Answer 14

Aspect of personality that consists of our most primitive drives or urges, including impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex

Question 15

Ideal Self

Answer 15

Person we would like to be

Question 16

Incongruence

Answer 16

State of being in which there is a great discrepancy between our real and ideal selves

Question 17

Individual Psychology

Answer 17

School of psychology proposed by Adler that focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority

Question 18

Inferiority Complex

Answer 18

Refers to a person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to others’ or to society’s standards

Question 19

Latency Period

Answer 19

Psychosexual stage in which sexual feelings are dormant

Question 20

Locus of Control

Answer 20

Beliefs about the power we have over our lives; an external locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an internal locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes

Question 21

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 21

Personality test composed of a series of true/false questions in order to establish a clinical profile of an individual

Question 22

Neurosis

Answer 22

Tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 23

Oral Stage

Answer 23

Psychosexual stage in which an infant’s pleasure is focused on the mouth

Question 24

Personality

Answer 24

Long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways

Question 25

Phallic Stage

Answer 25

Psychosexual stage in which the focus is on the genitals

Question 26

Projection

Answer 26

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety disguises their unacceptable urges or behaviors by attributing them to other people

Question 27

Projective Test

Answer 27

Personality assessment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires

Question 28

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Answer 28

Stages of child development in which a child's pleasure-seeking urges are focused on specific areas of the body called erogenous zones

Question 29

Rationalization

Answer 29

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety makes excuses to justify behavior

Question 30

Reaction Formation

Answer 30

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety swaps unacceptable urges or behaviors for their opposites

Question 31

Real Self

Answer 31

Person who we actually are

Question 32

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 32

Belief that one's environment can determine behavior, but at the same time, people can influence the environment with both their thoughts and behaviors

Question 33

Regression

Answer 33

Ego defense mechanism in which anxiety-related thoughts and memories are kept in the unconscious

Question 34

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 34

Projective test that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles

Question 35

Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)

Answer 35

Projective test that is similar to a word association test in which a person completes sentences in order to reveal unconscious desires, fears, and struggles

Question 36

Selective Migration

Answer 36

Concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs

Question 37

Self-Concept

Answer 37

Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 38

Self-Efficacy

Answer 38

Someone's level of confidence in their own abilities

Question 39

Social-Cognitive Theory

Answer 39

Bandura's theory of personality that emphasizes both cognition and learning as sources of individual differences in personality

Question 40

Sublimation

Answer 40

Ego defense mechanism in which unacceptable urges are channeled into more appropriate activities

Question 41

Superego

Answer 41

Aspect of the personality that serves as one's moral compass, or conscience

Question 42

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 42

Projective test designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups, especially Hispanic youths, using images and storytelling that relate to minority culture

Question 43

Temperament

Answer 43

How a person reacts to the world, including their activity level, starting when they are young

Question 44

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 44

Projective test in which people are presented with ambiguous images, and they then make up stories to go with the images in an effort to uncover their unconscious desires, fears, and struggles

Question 45

Traits

Answer 45

Characteristic ways of behaving

Question 46

Unconscious

Answer 46

Mental activity of which we are unaware and unable to access