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A+P > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

joint (articulation)

A

place of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, or bones and teeth

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2
Q

three structural categories of joints (classifications)

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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3
Q

fibrous joints

A

has no joint cavity, occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue

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4
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

has no joint cavity, occurs where bones are joined by cartilage

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5
Q

synovial joint

A

has a joint cavity - separates articulating surfaces of bones; articulating surfaces are enclosed within connective tissue capsule and bones are attached to each other by various ligaments

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6
Q

functional classification of joints

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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7
Q

synarthrosis

A

immobile joint

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8
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly mobile joint

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9
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely mobile joint

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10
Q

structural categories of fibrous joints (3)

A

gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis

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11
Q

gomphosis

A

“peg in socket”; fibrous articulations of the roots of individual teeth and alveolar processes of mandible and maxillae

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12
Q

periodontal membranes

A

synarthrosis; holds teeth firmly in place

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13
Q

sutures

A

fibrous synarthroses; irregular edges that increase stability and decrease fractures in articulations

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14
Q

what happens to sutures in the older adult?

A

dense regular connective tissue in suture ossifies, fusing skull bones together

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15
Q

syndesmoses

A

fibrous amphiarthrosis; articulating bones joined only by long strands of dense regular CT

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16
Q

where are syndesmoses found?

A

between radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula

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17
Q

interosseous membrane

A

broad, ligamentous sheet that provides pivot where radius and ulna/tibia and fibula can move relative to one another

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18
Q

structural categories of cartilaginous joints (2)

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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19
Q

synchondroses

A

bones are joined by hyaline cartilage; functionally all synchondroses are immobile (synarthroses)

20
Q

costochondral joint

A

joint between each bony rib and its respective costal cartilage (synchondrosis)

21
Q

symphyses

A

pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones; all are functionally amphiarthroses

22
Q

examples of synchondroses

A

epiphyseal plate, costochondral joints

23
Q

examples of symphyses

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc

24
Q

what is the functional classification of synovial joints?

A

most synovial joints are diarthrosis

25
Q

examples of synovial joints

A

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, temporomandibular joint, elbow/knee joint

26
Q

the bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a:

A

joint cavity

27
Q

common basic features of a synovial joint (4)

A
  • has articular capsule and joint cavity
  • contains synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels
28
Q

articular capsule

A

synovial joint component that is double layered; outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane

29
Q

outer fibrous layer of articular capsule

A
  • made of dense connective tissue
  • strengthens the joint
  • prevents bones from separating
30
Q

inner synovial membrane of articular capsule

A
  • made of areolar connective tissue
  • covers internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage
  • produces synovial fluid
31
Q

functions of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

A

reduces friction, cushions, absorbs compression, prevents damage to articulating ends of bones

32
Q

what does articular cartilage not have?

A

a perichondrium

33
Q

is articular cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

34
Q

joint cavity within synovial joint

A

space between articulating bones lined by synovial membrane

35
Q

functions of synovial membrane within joint cavity

A
  • secretes synovial fluid that lubricates surfaces, nourishes chondrocytes, and absorbs shock
36
Q

ligaments of synovial joints

A
  • made of dense regular connective tissue
  • connects bone to bone to stabilize the joint
  • extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments
37
Q

extrinsic vs. intrinsic ligaments

A

extrinsic - physically separate from the articular capsule
intrinsic - thickening of the articular capsule; can be outside/within capsule

38
Q

nerves and vessels within synovial joint

A

numerous within the joint; receptors for pain as well as for movement and stretch
- vascular

39
Q

tendons

A
  • made of dense regular connective tissue
  • not part of synovial joint, but are around the joint
  • connects muscle to bone
40
Q

bursae

A

fibrous sac with synovial fluid that alleviates friction; found where ligaments, muscles, skin, or tendons rub together

  • near/in synovial joints
41
Q

tendon sheaths

A

elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon in areas of excess friction; more common in wrist and ankle

42
Q

fat pads

A

protective packing material

43
Q

synovial joint movements are all:

A

diarthrosis

44
Q

different degrees of motion (3)

A

uniaxial - movement in one plane/axis
biaxial - two plane movement
multiaxial - multiple plane movement

45
Q

synovial joint subtypes (6)

A
  • planar
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • condylar
  • saddle
  • ball-and-socket
46
Q

planar

A

least mobile; flat surfaces
- uniaxial; “gliding”

A+P (13 decks)

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