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A+P > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

terminology; anatomy language

1
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A
  • standing upright
  • feet parallel + flat on the floor
  • arms on either side of the body; palms facing forward
  • head level and eyes forward
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2
Q

Prone vs. supine

A

Prone: lying down facing down
Supine: lying down facing up

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3
Q

Section vs. plane

A

Section: “actual” cut
Plane: imaginary
(Can be thru the body or just part of the body)

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4
Q

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

A

Creates anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

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5
Q

Transverse plane (horizontal/cross-sectional plane)

A

Creates superior and inferior parts (top and bottom)

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6
Q

Midsagittal plane (median plane)

A

Creates equal left and right halves

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7
Q

Sagittal plane (parasagittal plane)

A

Creates unequal left and right parts
(Cannot be “median” plane)

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8
Q

Oblique plane

A

Minor plane; goes thru at an angle

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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11
Q

Ventral

A

Front/belly

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12
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

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13
Q

Superior

A

Top

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom

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15
Q

Cranial/cephalic

A

Towards the head

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16
Q

Caudal

A

Away from head

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17
Q

Medial

A

Towards midline

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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19
Q

Deep

A

away from surface

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20
Q

Superficial

A

towards the surface

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21
Q

Proximal

A

closer to attachment point

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22
Q

Distal

A

farther from attachment point

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23
Q

Two main regions

A

Axial region
Appendicular region

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24
Q

Axial region

A

Head, neck, trunk

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25
Q

Appendicular region

A

Upper/lower limbs and their attachments to the axial region

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26
Q

Cephalic region (head) (6)

A
  • cranial
  • facial
  • buccal
  • orbital
  • oral
  • mental
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27
Q

Cranial

A

Top of the head; brain

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28
Q

Facial

A

Face

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29
Q

Buccal

A

cheek

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30
Q

Orbital

A

Eyes

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31
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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32
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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33
Q

Cervical region (neck) (3)

A
  • thoracic
  • mammary
  • axillary
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34
Q

Thoracic

A

The whole upper torso

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35
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

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36
Q

Axillary

A

Under arm

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37
Q

Abdominal region

A

The lower torso

38
Q

Pelvic region (below hip bones) (2)

A

Inguinal and pubic

39
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin (inner pelvis)

40
Q

Pubic

A

Front of pelvis (above external genitalia)

41
Q

Dorsum (whole back) (3)

A
  • lumbar
  • gluteal
  • scapular
42
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

43
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock(s)

44
Q

Scapular

A

Upper back (shoulder blades; scapula)

45
Q

Upper extremity (arm) (8)

A
  • brachial
  • antecubital
  • antebrachial
  • olecranal
  • carpal
  • palmar
  • digital
  • pollex
46
Q

Brachial

A

Upper arm

47
Q

Antecubital

A

Middle of arm; front of elbow

48
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

49
Q

Olecranal

A

Elbow

50
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

51
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

52
Q

Digital

A

Finger(s)

53
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

54
Q

Lower extremity (leg) (8)

A
  • femoral
  • patellar
  • pedal
  • tarsal
  • hallux
  • popliteal
  • plantar
55
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

56
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

57
Q

Pedal

A

Feet

58
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

59
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

60
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

61
Q

Calcaneal

A

Back of heel

62
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot

63
Q

Organs are located in enclosed spaces called

A

Cavities

64
Q

Posterior cavities are…

A

completely enclosed in bone

65
Q

Ventral cavity is…

A

Larger and not completely enclosed in bone
** also lined with *serous membranes

66
Q

Serous membranes

A

Consists of two layers; parietal and visceral

67
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines internal surface of the body wall

68
Q

Visceral layer

A

Lines the external surface of the organs within the cavity

69
Q

Serous cavity

A

“Potential” space between the two layers of the serous membrane
(Under abnormal conditions, the space can expand)

70
Q

Serous fluid

A

Oil-like lubricant within the serous cavity

71
Q

Subdivisions of dorsal body cavity (posterior body cavity)

A
  1. Cranial cavity - formed by the bones of cranium (endocranium)
  2. Spinal (vertebral) cavity - formed by bones of vertebral column; contains spinal cord
72
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Larger, anteriorly placed cavity in the body
its subdivisions are not encased in bone

73
Q

Subdivisions of ventral cavity (2)

A
  1. Thoracic cavity - superior to abdominopelvic cavity
  2. Abdominopelvic cavity - inferior to thoracic cavity
74
Q

What partitions the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The thoracic diaphragm

75
Q

Thoracic cavity (2)

A

Mediastinum and pleural cavities

76
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between lungs; contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart

77
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Two-layer serous membrane that encloses the heart within the mediastinum

78
Q

Layers of serous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium: outer layer of membrane; forms inner lining

Visceral pericardium: covers the heart’s external surface

79
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Serous cavity between the two layers that contains serous fluid

80
Q

Serous pleura

A

Serous membrane that encloses the lungs

81
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of membrane; internal surface of thoracic wall

82
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of membrane; covers external surface of each lung

83
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Serous cavity between visceral and parietal pleura

84
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity (2)

A
  1. Abdominal cavity - contains most of digestive organs, kidneys, most of ureters
  2. Pelvic cavity - contains distal large intestine, rest of ureters, urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
85
Q

Peritoneum

A

Two-layered serous membrane associated with the abdominopelvic cavity

86
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer; lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

87
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer; covers external surface of most abdominal and pelvic organs

88
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

The serous cavity of the peritoneum that contains serous fluid

89
Q

Abdominopelvic regions (9)

A

Top row: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

Middle row: right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar

Bottom row: right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

90
Q

Four abdominal quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

91
Q

The liver is located mostly in what abdominal quadrant?

A

Right upper quadrant

92
Q

What abdominal region is the urinary bladder located?

A

Hypogastric region

A+P (13 decks)

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