Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
alimentary
A
pertaining to the digestive tract
2
Q
alimentary canal
A
whole passage which food moves along
2
Q
anus
A
terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged
2
Q
anal
A
pertaining to the anus
3
Q
bariatric
A
treatment of obesity
3
Q
digestion
A
breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
4
Q
digestive
A
pertaining to digestion
5
Q
esophagus
A
tube linking the pharynx and the stomach
6
Q
gastric
A
pertaining to the stomach
7
Q
gastric
A
pertaining to the stomach
7
Q
gastroenterology
A
medical specialty of the stomach and intestines
7
Q
gastroenterologist
A
medical specialist in gastroenterology
8
Q
gastrointestinal
A
pertaining to the stomach and intestines
8
Q
intestine
A
the digestive tube from stomach to anus
8
Q
intestinal
A
pertaining to the intestines
9
Q
laparoscopy
A
examination of contents of abdomen using an endoscope
10
Q
laparoscope
A
instrument (endoscope) used for viewing abdominal contents
11
Q
laparoscopic
A
pertaining to laparoscopy
11
Q
nutrient
A
a substance in food required for normal physiologic function
12
Q
nutritive
A
providing nourishment
12
Q
nutrition
A
the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body
13
Q
nutritionist
A
certified professional in nutrition science
13
Q
-ary
A
pertaining to
14
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
14
-atric
treatment
15
-ion
action
16
-ive
nature of, quality of
16
-ic
pertaining to
17
-logy
study of
18
-logist
one who studies, specialist
18
-scopy
to view, to examine
19
-scope
instrument for viewing
19
-ist
specialist in
20
aliment
nourishment, food
20
an
anus
21
bari
weight
21
digest
to break down food
22
gastr
stomach
23
enter
intestine
24
intestin
gut, intestine
25
lapar
abdomen in general
26
nutrit
nourishment
26
amylase
one of a group of enzymes that breaks down starch
27
bolus
a single mass of a substance
27
deglutition
the act of swallowing
28
elimination
removal of waste material from the digestive tract
28
enzyme
protein that induces changes in other substances
29
lipase
enzyme that breaks down fat
29
masticate
to chew
29
mastication
the process of chewing
30
peristalsis
waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract
30
protease
group of enzymes that breaks down protein
31
-ase
enzyme
31
-ation
process
32
-ate
pertaining to, composed of
32
amyl
starch
33
deglutit
to swallow
33
elimin
throw away
34
-zyme
fermenting
34
lip
fat
35
mastic
chew
35
-stalsis
constrict
35
prot
protein
36
peri
around
37
dentine
dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel in a tooth
37
dentist
a qualified practioner in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex
38
enamel
hard substance covering a tooth
38
mouth
external opening of a cavity or canal
38
nasopharynx
region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate
38
oral
pertaining to the mouth
39
palate
roof of the mouth
39
papilla
any small projection
40
parotid
the parotid gland is the salivary gland behind the ear
41
pulp
dental pulp is the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth
41
saliva
secretion in mouth from salivary glands
42
salivary
pertaining to saliva
42
sublinguinal
underneath the tongue
42
submandibular
underneath the mandible
43
tongue
mobile muscle mass in the mouth; bears the taste buds
43
uvula
fleshy projection of the soft palate
43
-ine
pertaining to, substance
43
-id
having a particular quality
44
dent
tooth
44
nas
nose
45
pharynx
throat
46
or
mouth
46
ot
ear
46
saliv
saliva
46
lingu
tongue
46
mandibul
mandible
46
par
beside
47
sub
underneath
47
apathous
painful small oral ulcers (canker sores)
47
canker
nonmedical term for aphthous ulcer
47
caries
bacterial destruction of teeth
47
gingiva
tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw
47
gingival
pertaining to the gums
47
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
47
gingivectomy
surgical removal of diseased gum tissue
47
glossodynia
painful, burning tongue
47
halitosis
bad odor of the breath
47
periodontal
around a tooth
47
periodontics
branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around the teeth
47
periodontist
specialist in periodontists
47
periodontitis
inflammation of tissues around a tooth
47
plaque
patch of abnormal tissue
47
pyorrhea
purulent discharge
47
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth
47
tartar
calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth
47
thrush
infection with candida albicans
48
-ectomy
surgical excision
48
-dynia
pain
48
-osis
condition
48
-ics
knowledge
48
gingiv
gum
48
gloss
tongue
48
halit
breath
48
odont
tooth
48
rrhea
flow
48
py
pus
48
stomat
oral cavity, mouth
48
asymptomatic
without any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by the patient
48
symptomatic
pertaining to the symptoms of a disease
48
dysphaiga
difficulty in swallowing
48
emesis
vomit
49
hematemesis
vomiting of red blood
50
esophagus
tube linking pharynx to stomach
51
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
51
esophagitis
inflammation of the lining of the esophagus
52
hernia
protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it
53
herniorrhaphy
repair of a hernia
53
hiatus
an opening through a structure
54
hiatal
pertaining to a hiatus
54
relfux
backwards flow
55
sphincter
a band of muscles that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes close
55
varux
dilated, tortuous vein
55
varicose
characterized by or affected with varices
56
-eal
pertaining to
56
-rrhaphy
suture
56
-ose
full of
56
symptomat
symptom
57
hemat
blood
58
phagia
swallowing
58
emesis
to vomit
58
esophag
esophagus
58
herni
hernia
59
hiat
opening
59
varic
varicosity; dilated, tortuous vein
60
a-
without
60
dys-
difficulty
60
re-
back
61
chyme
semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum
61
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine; approximately twelve fingerbreadths (9 to 10 inches) in length
62
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
62
gastrin
hormone secreted in the stomach the stimulates secretion of HCI and increases gastric motility
62
hydrochloric acid (HCI)
the acid of gastric juice
62
intrinsic factor
makes the absorption of vitamin b12 happen
62
mucus
sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes
62
mucous
relating to mucus or the mucosa
62
mucin
protein element of mucus
62
pepsin
enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein
62
pepsinogen
converted by HCI in the stomach to pepsin
62
pylorus
exit area of the stomach
62
pyloric
pertaining to the pylorus
63
-um
structure
63
-in
substance, chemical compound
63
-gen
produced
63
-us
pertaining to
63
duoden
twelve
64
hydr
water
64
chlor
green
64
intrins
on the inside
65
factor
maker
66
pepsin
pepsin
67
pylor
gate, pylorus
68
absorption
uptake of nutrients and water by cells in the GI tract
69
anorexia
without an appetite; or an aversion to food
70
cecum
blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine
71
cecal
pertaining to the cecum
72
dyspepsia
"upset stomach," epigastric pain, nausea, and gas
73
gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach
74
gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
74
gastroscope
endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach
75
gastroscopy
endoscopic examination of the stomach
75
ileum
third portion of small intestine
75
ileocecal
pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum
75
indigestion
symptoms resulting from difficulty in digesting food
76
jejunum
segment of small intestinebetween the duodenum and the ileum
76
jejunal
pertaining to the jejunum
77
peptic
relating to the stomach and duodenum
78
perforation
a hole through the wall of a structure
79
stricture
narrowing of a tube
80
absorpt
to swallow
80
orex
appetite
81
cec
cecum
82
peps
digestion
83
esophag
esophagus
84
ile
ileum
85
jejun
jejunum
86
pept
digestion
87
perforat
bore through
88
-ia
condition
89
an-
without
90
dys-
difficult, bad
91
in-
in, not
92
celiac
relating to the abdominal cavity
93
celiac disease
disease caused by a sensitivity to gluten
94
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
95
giardia
parasite that can affect the small intestine
96
gluten
insoluble protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
97
ileus
dynamic of mechanical obstruction of the small intestine
98
intussusception
the slippage of one part of the bowel inside another, causing obstruction of
99
celi
abdomen
99
ease
normal function
100
enter
intestine
101
suscept
to take up
102
-ac
pertaining to
103
-itis
inflammation
104
dis-
apart
105
intus
within
106
bile
fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum
107
bile acids
steroids synthesized from cholesterol
108
billary
pertaining to bile or the biliary tract
109
bilirubin
bile pigment formed in the liver from hemoglobin
110
cirrhosis
extensive fibrotic liver disease
111
glycogen
the body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscle
112
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
113
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
114
jaundice
yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin
115
liver
body's largest organ, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen,
116
pedal
pertaining to the foot
117
provisional diagnosis
a temporary diagnosis pending further examination or testing
118
preliminary diagnosis
the determination of the cause of a disease
119
cholecystitis
inflammation of the liver
120
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
121
choledocholithiasis
presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct
122
cholelithiasis
condition of having bile stones
123
cholelithotomy
surgical removal of a gallstone
124
endocrine
a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into the blood stream
125
exocrine
a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts
126
gallstone
hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct
126
gallbladder
receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile
127
glucagon
hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage
128
insulin
pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells
129
pancreas
lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
130
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
131
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
132
bil
bile
133
cirrh
yellow
134
glyc
sugar, glycogen
134
hepat
liver
135
ped
foot
136
provision
provide
137
gnosis
knowledge of an abnormal condition
138
-rubin
rust colored
138
dia-
complete
139
chol
bile
139
cyst
bladder
140
choledoch
common bile duct
141
lith
stone
142
crine
secrete
143
gall
bitter
144
gluc
sugar, glucose
144
stone
pebble
145
agon
to fight
146
insul
island
147
-iasis
condition
148
-tomy
surgical incision
148
pancreat
pancreas
149
-in
chemical compound
150
endo-
within
151
celiac disease
disease caused by sensitivity to gluten
151
exo-
outward, outside
152
diarrhea
abnormally frequent and loose stools
153
endoscopy
the use of an endoscope
154
endoscope
instrument used to examine the interior of a tubular or hollow organ
155
flatus
gas or air expelled through the anus
156
flatulence
excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines
157
glycogen
the body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscle
158
malabsorption
inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
159
portal vein
the vein that carries blood from the intestines to the liver
160
starch
complex carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together
161
villus
thin, hairlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity
162
amino acid
the basic building block for protein
162
chyle
a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine
163
Crohn disease
narrowing and thickening
164
dysentery
disease with diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever and dehydration
165
emulsify
break up into very small droplets to suspend in a solution
165
emulsion
the system that contains small droplets suspended in a liquid
166
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
167
lacteal
a lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine
168
lactose
the disaccharide in cow's milk
169
lactase
enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose
170
lipase
enzyme that breaks down fat
170
lipid
general term for all types of fatty compounds
171
mineral
inorganic compound usually found in the earth's crust
171
anus
terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged
172
anal
pertaining to the anus
173
anorectal junction
the junction between the anus and rectum
174
appendix
small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum
175
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
175
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
176
colon
the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum
177
colic
spasmodic, crampy pains in the abdomen
177
colitis
inflammation of the colon
178
feces
undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel
178
defecation
evacuation of feces from rectum and anus
179
fecal
pertaining to feces
180
flexure
a bend in structure
181
ileum
third portion of the small intestine
182
ileocecal sphincter
band of muscle that encircles the junction of ileum and cecum
183
rectum
terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal
183
sigmoid
shaped like an S
184
rectal
pertaining to the rectum
185
bowel
another name for intestine
186
diverticulum
a pouchlike opening or sac from a tubular structure
187
diverticulosis
presence of a number of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine
187
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula
188
hemorrhoid
dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling
189
fissure
deep furrow or cleft
189
fistula
abnormal passage
190
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical removal of a hemorrhoid
190
melena
the passage of black, tarry stools
191
occult blood
blood that cannot be seen in the stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test
191
hemoccult test
trade name for a fecal occult blood test
192
peritoneal
pertaining to the peritoneum
192
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
193
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
194
polyp
mass of tissue that projects into the l00umen of the bowel
195
polyposis
presence of several polyps
196
polypectomy
excision or removal of a polyp
197
proctitis
inflammation of the lining of the rectum
197
proctologist
a surgical specialist in diseases of the anus and rectum
198
angiography
process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
198
anoscopy
endoscopic examination of the anus
199
aspiration
removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity
200
colonoscopy
endoscopic examination of the colon
200
cholangiography
x-ray of the bile ducts after injection of a contrast medium
200
digital
pertaining to a finger or toe
201
enema
an injection of fluid into the rectum
202
enteroscopy
the examination of the lining of the digestive tract
203
gastroscope
instrument to view the inside of the stomach
204
gastroscopy
endoscopic examination of the stomach
205
ileoscopy
endoscopic examination of the ileum
206
lavage
washing out of a hollow cavity
207
panendoscopy
endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
208
proctoscopy
examination of the inside of the anus and the rectum by proctoscope or rectoscope
209
resection
removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
210
sigmoidoscopy
endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon
211
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
212
anastomosis
a surgically made union between two tubular structures
213
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
214
cholrlithotomy
surgical incision to remove a gallstone
215
hernia
protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it
215
inguinal
pertaining to the groin
215
hiatal
pertaining to an opening through a structure
216
colostomy
artificial opening from the colon to the outside of the body
216
ostomy
surgery to create an artificial opening into tubular structure
217
ileostomy
artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body
218
pancreatography
process of recording the structure of the pancreas
218
retrograde
reversal of a normal flow
219
stoma
artificial opening
220
ultrasound
very high frequency sound waves
221
antidiarrheal
drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools
222
antiemetic
agent that prevents vomiting
223
antihistamine
drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or preventing vomiting
224
cachexia
a general weight loss and wasting of the body
225
cannabinoid
a group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting
226
laxative
an oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces
227
motility
the ability for spontaneous movement
228
proton pump inhibitor
agent that blocks production of gastric acid
229
stool
the matter discharged in one movement of the bowels
