Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Cell
A
the smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence
2
Q
Conception
A
fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote
3
Q
Cytology
A
study of the cell
4
Q
Cytologist
A
specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell
5
Q
Fertilization
A
union of a male sperm and a female egg
6
Q
Fertilize
A
penetration of the egg by sperm
7
Q
Fertilize (in vitro)
A
– in vitro fertilization is the process of combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory dish and placing resulting embryos inside a uterus
8
Q
Organ
A
structure with specialized functions in a body systems
9
Q
Organelle
A
part of a cell having specialized functions
10
Q
Organism
A
any whole living, individual, plant, or animal
11
Q
Tissue
A
collection of similar cells
12
Q
Zygote
A
cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg
13
Q
Anabolism
A
the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism
14
Q
Chromosome
A
body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes
14
Q
Catabolism
A
the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism
15
Q
Cytoplasm
A
clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus
16
Q
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A
source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes
17
Q
Electrolyte
A
substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles
18
Q
Hormone
A
chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
19
Q
Hormonal
A
pertaining to a hormone
20
Q
Intracellular
A
within the cell
21
Q
Lipid
A
general term for all types of fatty compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids
22
Q
Membrane
A
thin layer of tissue covering a structure of cavity
23
Q
Membranous
A
pertaining to a membrane
24
Metabolic
pertaining to metabolism
25
Mitochondria (pl.) or Mitochondrion (singular)
organelles that generate, store, and release energy for cell activities
26
Nucleolus
small mass within the nucleus
27
Nucleus
functional center of a cell or structure
28
Nuclear
pertaining to a nucleus
29
Protein
class of food substances based on amino acids
30
Steroid
large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components
31
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
the information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules
32
Chromatin
DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division
33
Chromosomal
pertaining to a chromosome
34
Epigenetics
the study of disorders produced by the effects of chemical compounds or environmental influences on genes
35
Gene
the functional unit of heredity on a chromosome
36
Genetic
pertaining to genetics
37
Genome
a complete set of chromosomes
38
Helix
a spiral of nucleotides in the structure of DNA
39
Heredity
the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
40
Hereditary
transmissible from parent to offspring
41
Histone
a simple protein found in the cell nucleus
42
Karyotype
the chromosome characteristics of an individual cell
43
Mitosis
cell division to create two identical cells, each with 46 chromosomes
44
Mutation
a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome
45
Nucleotide
combination of a DNA base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule
46
Phenotype
manifestation of a genome
47
Replicate
to produce an exact copy
48
Cytogenetics
study of chromosomal abnormalities in a cell
49
Dysmorphology
the study developmental structural defects
50
Dysmorphic
possessing a developmental structural defect
51
Embryo
developing organism from conception until the end of the eight week
52
Fetus
human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth
53
Fetus
human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth
54
Predictive
the likelihood of a disease or disorder being present or occurring in the future
55
Prenatal
before birth
56
Therapy
systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder
57
Therapeutic
curing or capable of curing a disorder or disease
58
Molecule
very small particle
59
Reproduction
the process by which organisms produce offspring
60
Arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint
61
Connective tissue
the supporting tissue of the body
62
Cruciate
shaped like a cross
63
Graft
transplantation of living tissue
64
Histology
study of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs
65
Ligament
band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures
66
Histologist
specialist in histology
67
Meniscus
disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint
68
Muscle
a tissue consisting of contractile cells
69
Patella
thin, circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint; also called the kneecap
70
Patellar
pertaining to the patella
71
Therapist
professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy
72
Femur
the thigh bone
73
Tibia
the larger bone of the lower leg
74
Periosteum
fibrous membrane covering a bone
75
Cartilage
nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints
76
Matrix
substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together
77
Medial
nearer to the middle of the body
78
Lateral
situated at the side of a structure
79
Anterior
front surface of body; situated in front
80
Posterior
pertaining to the back surface of the body; situated behind
81
Collateral
situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction
82
Collagen
major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone
83
Tendons
fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
84
Capsule
fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure
85
Nervous
pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system; or easily excited or agitated
86
Nutrient
a substance in food required for normal physiologic function
87
Urinary
pertaining to urine
88
Homeostasis
maintaining the stability of a system or the body’s internal environment (the arrest of bleeding)
89
Skeletal
pertaining to the skeleton
90
Cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
91
Digestion
breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
92
Digestive
pertaining to digestion
93
Endocrine
a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance
94
Integument
organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ within the system
95
Integumentary
pertaining to the covering of the body
96
Lymph
clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation
97
Lymphatic
pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system
98
Nervous system
the whole, integrated nerve apparatus
98
Respiratory
pertaining to respiration
99
Respiration
process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
100
Skeleton
the bony framework of the body
101
Cyt
cell
102
Fertiliz
to make fruitful
103
Organ
organ
104
Anabol
build up
105
Catabol
break down
106
Electr
electricity
106
Chrom
color
107
Hormon
hormone
108
Cellul
small cell
109
Membran
cover,skin
110
Metabol
change
111
Mit
thread
112
Chrondr
granule
113
Nucle
nucleus
114
Some
body
115
Ribo
ribose
116
Acid
acid
117
Gen
to create
118
Ome
body
119
Ster
solid
120
Heredit
inherited through genes
121
Hist
tissue
122
Kary
nucleus
123
Tide
Tide
124
Phen
appearance
125
Morph
form
126
Dict
consent
127
Nat
born
128
Arthr
joint
129
Connect
join together
130
Patell
patella
131
Therapeut
treatment
132
Therap
treatment
133
Coll
glue
133
Capsul
box
134
Nutri
nourish
135
Oste
bone
136
Ov
egg
137
Cardi
heart
138
Vascul
blood vessel
139
DIgest
break down food
140
Crine
to secrete
141
Home
the same
142
Integument
covering of the body
143
Lymph
lymph, lymphatic system
144
Respir
to breathe
145
Urin
urine
146
logy
suffix; study of
147
logist
suffix; one who studies, a specialist
148
ation
suffix; process
149
elle
suffix; small
150
ism
suffix; condition, process
151
plasm
suffix; something found
152
some
suffix; body
153
lyte
suffix; soluble
154
ar
suffix; pertaining to
155
al
suffix; pertaining to
156
ous
suffix; pertaining to
157
ic
suffix; pertaining to
158
ia
suffix; condition
158
ion
suffix; condition or action
159
lus
suffix; small
160
tin
suffix; pertaining to
161
etics
suffix; pertaining to
162
one
suffix; chemical
163
type
suffix; model
164
ive
suffix; quality or pertaining to
165
scopy
suffix; to examine or view
166
ist
suffix; specialist
167
gen
suffix; produce, form
168
ent
suffix; end result
168
um
suffix; tissue
169
ary
suffix; pertaining to
169
stasis
suffix; standstill, control
170
atory
suffix; pertaining to
171
Ribo
prefix; from ribose, a sugar
171
Intra
prefix; within
172
De
prefix; without
173
Oxy
prefix; oxygen
174
Epi
prefix; above, over
175
Dys
prefix; difficult, bad
176
Pre
prefix; before
177
Peri
prefix; around
178
Syn
prefix; together
179
Endo
prefix; within
180
Anatomy
study of the structures of the human body
181
Cephalic
pertaining to or nearer to the head
182
Caudal
pertaining to or nearing to the tailbone
183
Coronal
pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
184
Distal
situated away from the center of the body
185
Dorsal
pertaining to the back or situated behind
186
Inferior
situated below
187
Prone
lying face down, flat on your belly
188
Proximal
situated nearest to the center of the body
189
Sagittal
vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions
190
Superior
situated above
191
Supine
lying face up, flat on your spine
192
Transverse
horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
193
Ventral
pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly
194
Abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
195
Abdomen
part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis
196
Abdominopelvic
pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
197
Cavity
a hollow space or body compartment
198
Cranial
pertaining to the cranium
199
Cranium
the skull
200
Diaphragm
muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
201
Diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
202
Quadrant
one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen
203
Spine
the vertebral column or a short bony projection
204
Spinal
pertaining to the spine
205
Thoracic
pertaining to the chest (thorax)
206
Thorax
the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck
207
Umbilical
pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen
208
Umbilicus
pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
209
Ana
apart from
210
Anter
before, front part
211
Caud
tail
212
Cephal
head
213
Coron
crown
214
Dist
away from center
215
Dors
back
216
Infer
below
217
Later
side
218
Medi
middle
219
Poster
back part
220
Proxim
nearest to the center
221
Sagitt
arrow
222
Super
above
223
Ventr
belly
224
Pelv
pelvis
224
Abdomin
abdomen
225
Cav
hollow space
226
Diaphragmat
diaphragm
227
Crani
skull
228
Spin
spine
229
Thorac
chest
230
Umbilic
navel (belly button)
231
tomy
suffix; the process of separating
232
ical
suffix; pertaining to
233
ior
suffix; pertaining to
234
ity
suffix; state, condition
235
RUQ
right upper quadrant
236
LUQ
left upper quadrant
237
RLQ
right lower quadrant
238
LLQ
left lower quadrant
