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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

the smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence

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2
Q

Conception

A

fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote

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3
Q

Cytology

A

study of the cell

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4
Q

Cytologist

A

specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell

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5
Q

Fertilization

A

union of a male sperm and a female egg

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6
Q

Fertilize

A

penetration of the egg by sperm

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7
Q

Fertilize (in vitro)

A

– in vitro fertilization is the process of combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory dish and placing resulting embryos inside a uterus

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8
Q

Organ

A

structure with specialized functions in a body systems

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9
Q

Organelle

A

part of a cell having specialized functions

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10
Q

Organism

A

any whole living, individual, plant, or animal

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11
Q

Tissue

A

collection of similar cells

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12
Q

Zygote

A

cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg

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13
Q

Anabolism

A

the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes

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14
Q

Catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism

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15
Q

Cytoplasm

A

clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus

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16
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes

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17
Q

Electrolyte

A

substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles

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18
Q

Hormone

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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19
Q

Hormonal

A

pertaining to a hormone

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20
Q

Intracellular

A

within the cell

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21
Q

Lipid

A

general term for all types of fatty compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids

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22
Q

Membrane

A

thin layer of tissue covering a structure of cavity

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23
Q

Membranous

A

pertaining to a membrane

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24
Q

Metabolic

A

pertaining to metabolism

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25
Q

Mitochondria (pl.) or Mitochondrion (singular)

A

organelles that generate, store, and release energy for cell activities

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26
Q

Nucleolus

A

small mass within the nucleus

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27
Q

Nucleus

A

functional center of a cell or structure

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28
Q

Nuclear

A

pertaining to a nucleus

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29
Q

Protein

A

class of food substances based on amino acids

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30
Q

Steroid

A

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

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31
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

the information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules

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32
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division

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33
Q

Chromosomal

A

pertaining to a chromosome

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34
Q

Epigenetics

A

the study of disorders produced by the effects of chemical compounds or environmental influences on genes

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35
Q

Gene

A

the functional unit of heredity on a chromosome

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36
Q

Genetic

A

pertaining to genetics

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37
Q

Genome

A

a complete set of chromosomes

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38
Q

Helix

A

a spiral of nucleotides in the structure of DNA

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39
Q

Heredity

A

the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

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40
Q

Hereditary

A

transmissible from parent to offspring

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41
Q

Histone

A

a simple protein found in the cell nucleus

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42
Q

Karyotype

A

the chromosome characteristics of an individual cell

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43
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division to create two identical cells, each with 46 chromosomes

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44
Q

Mutation

A

a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome

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45
Q

Nucleotide

A

combination of a DNA base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule

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46
Q

Phenotype

A

manifestation of a genome

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47
Q

Replicate

A

to produce an exact copy

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48
Q

Cytogenetics

A

study of chromosomal abnormalities in a cell

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49
Q

Dysmorphology

A

the study developmental structural defects

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50
Q

Dysmorphic

A

possessing a developmental structural defect

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51
Q

Embryo

A

developing organism from conception until the end of the eight week

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52
Q

Fetus

A

human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth

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53
Q

Fetus

A

human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth

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54
Q

Predictive

A

the likelihood of a disease or disorder being present or occurring in the future

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55
Q

Prenatal

A

before birth

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56
Q

Therapy

A

systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

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57
Q

Therapeutic

A

curing or capable of curing a disorder or disease

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58
Q

Molecule

A

very small particle

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59
Q

Reproduction

A

the process by which organisms produce offspring

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60
Q

Arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint

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61
Q

Connective tissue

A

the supporting tissue of the body

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62
Q

Cruciate

A

shaped like a cross

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63
Q

Graft

A

transplantation of living tissue

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64
Q

Histology

A

study of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs

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65
Q

Ligament

A

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

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66
Q

Histologist

A

specialist in histology

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67
Q

Meniscus

A

disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint

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68
Q

Muscle

A

a tissue consisting of contractile cells

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69
Q

Patella

A

thin, circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint; also called the kneecap

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70
Q

Patellar

A

pertaining to the patella

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71
Q

Therapist

A

professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy

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72
Q

Femur

A

the thigh bone

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73
Q

Tibia

A

the larger bone of the lower leg

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74
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous membrane covering a bone

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75
Q

Cartilage

A

nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

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76
Q

Matrix

A

substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together

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77
Q

Medial

A

nearer to the middle of the body

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78
Q

Lateral

A

situated at the side of a structure

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79
Q

Anterior

A

front surface of body; situated in front

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80
Q

Posterior

A

pertaining to the back surface of the body; situated behind

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81
Q

Collateral

A

situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction

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82
Q

Collagen

A

major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone

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83
Q

Tendons

A

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

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84
Q

Capsule

A

fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure

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85
Q

Nervous

A

pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system; or easily excited or agitated

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86
Q

Nutrient

A

a substance in food required for normal physiologic function

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87
Q

Urinary

A

pertaining to urine

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88
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintaining the stability of a system or the body’s internal environment (the arrest of bleeding)

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89
Q

Skeletal

A

pertaining to the skeleton

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90
Q

Cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

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91
Q

Digestion

A

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

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92
Q

Digestive

A

pertaining to digestion

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93
Q

Endocrine

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance

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94
Q

Integument

A

organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ within the system

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95
Q

Integumentary

A

pertaining to the covering of the body

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96
Q

Lymph

A

clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation

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97
Q

Lymphatic

A

pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system

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98
Q

Nervous system

A

the whole, integrated nerve apparatus

98
Q

Respiratory

A

pertaining to respiration

99
Q

Respiration

A

process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

100
Q

Skeleton

A

the bony framework of the body

101
Q

Cyt

A

cell

102
Q

Fertiliz

A

to make fruitful

103
Q

Organ

A

organ

104
Q

Anabol

A

build up

105
Q

Catabol

A

break down

106
Q

Electr

A

electricity

106
Q

Chrom

A

color

107
Q

Hormon

A

hormone

108
Q

Cellul

A

small cell

109
Q

Membran

A

cover,skin

110
Q

Metabol

A

change

111
Q

Mit

A

thread

112
Q

Chrondr

A

granule

113
Q

Nucle

A

nucleus

114
Q

Some

A

body

115
Q

Ribo

A

ribose

116
Q

Acid

A

acid

117
Q

Gen

A

to create

118
Q

Ome

A

body

119
Q

Ster

A

solid

120
Q

Heredit

A

inherited through genes

121
Q

Hist

A

tissue

122
Q

Kary

A

nucleus

123
Q

Tide

A

Tide

124
Q

Phen

A

appearance

125
Q

Morph

A

form

126
Q

Dict

A

consent

127
Q

Nat

A

born

128
Q

Arthr

A

joint

129
Q

Connect

A

join together

130
Q

Patell

A

patella

131
Q

Therapeut

A

treatment

132
Q

Therap

A

treatment

133
Q

Coll

A

glue

133
Q

Capsul

A

box

134
Q

Nutri

A

nourish

135
Q

Oste

A

bone

136
Q

Ov

A

egg

137
Q

Cardi

A

heart

138
Q

Vascul

A

blood vessel

139
Q

DIgest

A

break down food

140
Q

Crine

A

to secrete

141
Q

Home

A

the same

142
Q

Integument

A

covering of the body

143
Q

Lymph

A

lymph, lymphatic system

144
Q

Respir

A

to breathe

145
Q

Urin

A

urine

146
Q

logy

A

suffix; study of

147
Q

logist

A

suffix; one who studies, a specialist

148
Q

ation

A

suffix; process

149
Q

elle

A

suffix; small

150
Q

ism

A

suffix; condition, process

151
Q

plasm

A

suffix; something found

152
Q

some

A

suffix; body

153
Q

lyte

A

suffix; soluble

154
Q

ar

A

suffix; pertaining to

155
Q

al

A

suffix; pertaining to

156
Q

ous

A

suffix; pertaining to

157
Q

ic

A

suffix; pertaining to

158
Q

ia

A

suffix; condition

158
Q

ion

A

suffix; condition or action

159
Q

lus

A

suffix; small

160
Q

tin

A

suffix; pertaining to

161
Q

etics

A

suffix; pertaining to

162
Q

one

A

suffix; chemical

163
Q

type

A

suffix; model

164
Q

ive

A

suffix; quality or pertaining to

165
Q

scopy

A

suffix; to examine or view

166
Q

ist

A

suffix; specialist

167
Q

gen

A

suffix; produce, form

168
Q

ent

A

suffix; end result

168
Q

um

A

suffix; tissue

169
Q

ary

A

suffix; pertaining to

169
Q

stasis

A

suffix; standstill, control

170
Q

atory

A

suffix; pertaining to

171
Q

Ribo

A

prefix; from ribose, a sugar

171
Q

Intra

A

prefix; within

172
Q

De

A

prefix; without

173
Q

Oxy

A

prefix; oxygen

174
Q

Epi

A

prefix; above, over

175
Q

Dys

A

prefix; difficult, bad

176
Q

Pre

A

prefix; before

177
Q

Peri

A

prefix; around

178
Q

Syn

A

prefix; together

179
Q

Endo

A

prefix; within

180
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the structures of the human body

181
Q

Cephalic

A

pertaining to or nearer to the head

182
Q

Caudal

A

pertaining to or nearing to the tailbone

183
Q

Coronal

A

pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

184
Q

Distal

A

situated away from the center of the body

185
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back or situated behind

186
Q

Inferior

A

situated below

187
Q

Prone

A

lying face down, flat on your belly

188
Q

Proximal

A

situated nearest to the center of the body

189
Q

Sagittal

A

vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions

190
Q

Superior

A

situated above

191
Q

Supine

A

lying face up, flat on your spine

192
Q

Transverse

A

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

193
Q

Ventral

A

pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly

194
Q

Abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

195
Q

Abdomen

A

part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis

196
Q

Abdominopelvic

A

pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis

197
Q

Cavity

A

a hollow space or body compartment

198
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium

199
Q

Cranium

A

the skull

200
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

201
Q

Diaphragmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

202
Q

Quadrant

A

one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen

203
Q

Spine

A

the vertebral column or a short bony projection

204
Q

Spinal

A

pertaining to the spine

205
Q

Thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest (thorax)

206
Q

Thorax

A

the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck

207
Q

Umbilical

A

pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen

208
Q

Umbilicus

A

pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

209
Q

Ana

A

apart from

210
Q

Anter

A

before, front part

211
Q

Caud

A

tail

212
Q

Cephal

A

head

213
Q

Coron

A

crown

214
Q

Dist

A

away from center

215
Q

Dors

A

back

216
Q

Infer

A

below

217
Q

Later

A

side

218
Q

Medi

A

middle

219
Q

Poster

A

back part

220
Q

Proxim

A

nearest to the center

221
Q

Sagitt

A

arrow

222
Q

Super

A

above

223
Q

Ventr

A

belly

224
Q

Pelv

A

pelvis

224
Q

Abdomin

A

abdomen

225
Q

Cav

A

hollow space

226
Q

Diaphragmat

A

diaphragm

227
Q

Crani

A

skull

228
Q

Spin

A

spine

229
Q

Thorac

A

chest

230
Q

Umbilic

A

navel (belly button)

231
Q

tomy

A

suffix; the process of separating

232
Q

ical

A

suffix; pertaining to

233
Q

ior

A

suffix; pertaining to

234
Q

ity

A

suffix; state, condition

235
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

236
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

237
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

238
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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