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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveolus

A

terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs

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2
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveoli

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3
Q

bronchus

A

one of the two subdivisions of the trachea

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4
Q

bronchiole

A

increasingly smaller subdivsions

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5
Q

cillium

A

hairlike motile projection from the surface of a cell

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6
Q

expiration

A

breathe out

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7
Q

inspiration

A

breathe in

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8
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

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9
Q

olfactory

A

relating to sense of smell

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10
Q

oxygen

A

the gas essential for life

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11
Q

pharynx

A

tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

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12
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

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13
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

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13
Q

pulmonlogy

A

study of the lungs, or the medical specialty of disorders of the lungs

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14
Q

pulmonologist

A

specialist in treating disorders of the lungs

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14
Q

rale

A

crackle heard through a stethoscope when air bubbles through liquid in the lungs

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15
Q

respiration

A

process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

respirator

A

another name for ventilator

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17
Q

respiratory

A

pertaining to respiration

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18
Q

sputum

A

matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders

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19
Q

trachea

A

air tube from the larynx to the bronchi

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20
Q

trachealis

A

pertaining to the trachea

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21
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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21
Q

-ion

A

action, condition, process of

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21
Q

alveol

A

air sac

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22
Q

-ole

A

small

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23
Q

bronch

A

bronchus

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24
Q

ex-

A

out

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25
Q

spirat

A

breathe

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25
Q

-gen

A

create

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25
Q

in

A

into

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26
Q

-ory

A

having the function of

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27
Q

olfact

A

smell

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28
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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28
Q

oxy

A

oxygen

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29
Q

pharyng

A

pharynx

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29
Q

pulmon

A

lung

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30
Q

-logy

A

study of

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31
Q

spir

A

to breathe

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31
Q

-logist

A

one who studies

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31
Q

-ation

A

a process, formed from

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31
Q

re-

A

again

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31
Q

trache

A

trachea

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31
Q

-ator

A

person or thing that does something

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31
Q

-atory

A

pertaining to, produced by

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32
Q

cautery

A

a device to scar, burn, or cut a tissue

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32
Q

-alis

A

pertaining to

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32
Q

cauterize

A

to apply a cautery

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32
Q

cauterization

A

the act of cauterizing

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32
Q

decongestant

A

agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses

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32
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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32
Q

nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

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32
Q

paranasal

A

adjacent to the nose

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33
Q

naris

A

nostril

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33
Q

polyp

A

any mass of tissue that projects outward

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33
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth, floor of the nose

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34
Q

rhinitis

A

acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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34
Q

septum

A

thin wall separating two cavities or tissue masses

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35
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the lining of a sinus

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36
Q

-ize

A

action

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37
Q

sinus

A

cavity or hallow space in a bone or other tissue

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38
Q

cauter

A

to burn

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39
Q

-ant

A

pertaining to

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40
Q

congest

A

accumulation of fluid

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40
Q

de-

A

take away, remove

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41
Q

stax

A

fall in drops

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42
Q

-is

A

pertaining to

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42
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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43
Q

nas

A

nose

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44
Q

para

A

adjacent to

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45
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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45
Q

rhin

A

nose

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46
Q

sinus

A

sinus

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46
Q

adenoid

A

single mass of lymphoid tissue in the midline at the back of the throat

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47
Q

apnea

A

absence of sponstanous respiration

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48
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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49
Q

hypoxemia

A

low oxygen level in arterial blood

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50
Q

hypoxia

A

decreased below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gasses, or blood

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51
Q

nasopharynx

A

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

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51
Q

hypoxic

A

deficient in oxygen

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52
Q

laryngopharynx

A

region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx

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53
Q

nasopharayngeal

A

pertaining to the nasopharynx

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53
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the nasopharynx

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54
Q

oropharynx

A

region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis

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55
Q

oropharyngeal

A

pertaining to the oropharynx

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56
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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56
Q

polysomnography

A

test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps

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57
Q

tonsilitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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57
Q

tonsil

A

mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue

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58
Q

aden

A

gland

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58
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsils

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59
Q

a

A

without

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60
Q

pnea

A

breathe

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60
Q

-emia

A

condition of the blood

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61
Q

-ia

A

condition

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61
Q

hyp

A

below

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62
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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62
Q

pharynx

A

pharynx, throat

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63
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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63
Q

or

A

mouth

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63
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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64
Q

poly

A

many

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65
Q

tonsill

A

tonsil

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66
Q

laryng

A

larynx

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66
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsils

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67
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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67
Q

ox

A

oxygen

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67
Q

croup

A

infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough

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68
Q

glottis

A

the opening from the oropharynx into the larynx

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68
Q

intubation

A

insertion of a tube into the trachea

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68
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

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69
Q

larynx

A

organ of sound production

69
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

70
Q

laryngoscope

A

hollow tube with a light and camera used to visualize or operate on the larynx

70
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

70
Q

papilla

A

any small projection

70
Q

papilloma

A

benign projection of epithelial cells

71
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched noise made when there is a respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea

71
Q

vocal

A

pertaining to the voice

71
Q

glottis

A

mouth of the windpipe

72
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing

73
Q

voc

A

voice

73
Q

diaphragm

A

the muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

74
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglotis

74
Q

diaphargmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

74
Q

fissue

A

deep furrow or cleft

75
Q

lobe

A

subdivision of an organ or other part

76
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

76
Q

tub

A

tube

76
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

76
Q

paill

A

pimple

77
Q

pleura

A

membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity

77
Q

mediastinal

A

pertainng to the mediastinum

77
Q

lobar

A

pertaining to a lobe

78
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe

78
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

79
Q

pleural

A

pertaining to pleura

80
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

81
Q

segment

A

a section of an organ or structure

82
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

83
Q

diaphragm

A

diaphragm

84
Q

-ure

A

process, result of

85
Q

fiss

A

split

86
Q

lob

A

lobe

87
Q

-um

A

structure

88
Q

media

A

middle

89
Q

stin

A

partition

90
Q

pleur

A

pleura

91
Q

-isy

A

inflammation

92
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

93
Q

cyanosis

A

blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood

94
Q

cyanotic

A

pertaining to or marked by cyanosis

94
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

95
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

96
Q

exhale

A

breathe out

96
Q

expectorate

A

cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract

96
Q

hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

97
Q

hyperpnea

A

deeper and more rapid breathing than normal

97
Q

inhale

A

breathe in

97
Q

phlegm

A

abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract

98
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

98
Q

brady-

A

slow

98
Q

-osis

A

condition

98
Q

cyan

A

dark blue

98
Q

dys

A

bad, difficult

99
Q

eu

A

normal, good

99
Q

ex

A

out

99
Q

hale

A

breathe

100
Q

-ate

A

pertaining to

100
Q

pector

A

chest

100
Q

hem

A

blood

101
Q

-ptysis

A

spit

101
Q

hyper

A

excessive

101
Q

tachy

A

rapid

101
Q

asthma

A

episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

101
Q

astmatic

A

pertaining to or suffereing from asthma

102
Q

ausculation

A

diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

102
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dialation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction

102
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the small bronchioles

103
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

103
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

reduction in diameter of a bronchus

103
Q

bulla

A

bubble-like dialated structure

103
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

genetic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passages, including brinchi

103
Q

emphysema

A

dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

103
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

104
Q

hypersecretion

A

excessive secretion of mucus

104
Q

rhonchus

A

wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs; made by air passing through a constricted lumen

104
Q

viscosity

A

the resistance of a fluid to flow

104
Q

viscous

A

sticky fluid that is resistant to flow

104
Q

asthm

A

asthma

105
Q

-atic

A

pertaining to

105
Q

auscult

A

listen to

105
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation

105
Q

bronchiol

A

bronchus

105
Q

constrict

A

to narrow

106
Q

cyst

A

cyst

106
Q

fibr

A

fiber

106
Q

em

A

in, into

106
Q

physema

A

blowing

106
Q

capn

A

carbon dioxide

106
Q

secret

A

secrete

107
Q

-ity

A

condition

107
Q

viscos

A

viscous, sticky

107
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells

107
Q

anthracosis

A

lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust

107
Q

anthax

A

a severe, malignant infectious disease

107
Q

asbestosis

A

lung disease caused by the inhalation of abestos particles

108
Q

aspiration

A

removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

108
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of part of a lung

108
Q

bronchogenic

A

arising from a bronchus

109
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma

109
Q

empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, particularly in the pleural cavity

109
Q

hempthorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity

109
Q

parenchyma

A

the specific functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework

110
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts

110
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lung parenchyma

110
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity

110
Q

sarcoidosis

A

granulomatous lesions of the lungs and other organs; cause is unknown

110
Q

silicosis

A

fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles

111
Q

thoracentesis

A

insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air

111
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue

111
Q

carcin

A

cancer

111
Q

anthrac

A

coal

111
Q

aspirat

A

to breathe on

112
Q

atel

A

incomplete

112
Q

-genic

A

creation

112
Q

pneumon

A

air, lung

112
Q

-ema

A

quality of, quantity of

112
Q

py

A

pus

113
Q

thorax

A

chest

114
Q

coni

A

dust

115
Q

sarc

A

flesh

116
Q

sillic

A

silicon, glass

116
Q

-centesis

A

to puncture

116
Q

thora

A

chest

117
Q

tubercul

A

nodule, swelling, tuberculosis

117
Q

bronchoscopy

A

examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope

117
Q

bronchoscope

A

endoscope used for bronchoscopy

117
Q

endotracheal

A

pertaining to being inside the trachea

117
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope

117
Q

spirometer

A

an instrument used to measure respiratory volumes

117
Q

spirometry

A

use of a spirometer

118
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision through the chest wall

118
Q

tomography

A

radiographic image of a selected slice of tissue

118
Q

transthoracic

A

going through the chest wall

119
Q

ultrasonography

A

delineation of deep structures using sound waves

119
Q

-scopy

A

to examine, view

119
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

120
Q

endo

A

inside

120
Q

mediastin

A

mediastinum

120
Q

meter

A

measure

120
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

120
Q

-tomy

A

surgical incision

120
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

121
Q

tom

A

cut, slice, layer

121
Q

trans

A

across

121
Q

ultra

A

beyond

121
Q

son

A

sound

121
Q

bronchodilator

A

agent that increases the diameter of a bronchus

121
Q

cannula

A

tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas

121
Q

immunization

A

administration of an agent to provide immunity

121
Q

mucolytic

A

agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus

121
Q

nebulizer

A

device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist

122
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of a lung

123
Q

resection

A

removal of a specific part of an organ or structure

124
Q

tracherostomy

A

insertion of a tube into the windpipe to assist breathing

125
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy

126
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gases into and out of the lungs

127
Q

ventilator

A

device that breathes for the patient

128
Q

-or

A

one who does

129
Q

dilat

A

expand, open up

130
Q

immuniz

A

make immune

131
Q

mus

A

mucus

131
Q

lyt

A

dissolve

131
Q

-izer

A

line of action, affects in a particular way

132
Q

re

A

back

133
Q

sect

A

cut off

134
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

135
Q

ventil

A

wind

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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