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Medical Terminology > chap 13 > Flashcards

chap 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ammonia

A

toxic breakdown product of amino acids

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2
Q

filteration

A

process of passing liquid through a filter

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3
Q

bladder

A

hollow sac that holds fluid

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3
Q

calyx

A

funnel-shaped sturcture

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4
Q

glomerulus

A

network of capillaries in a nephron

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4
Q

filter

A

porous substance used to separate liquids and gases from particulate matter; or to subject a substance to the action of a filter

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5
Q

hilum

A

the opening where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

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6
Q

kidney

A

organ of excretion

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6
Q

nephron

A

filteration unit of the kidney; composed of glomerulus and renal tubule

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7
Q

nephrology

A

medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

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8
Q

nitrogenous

A

containing or generating nitrogen

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8
Q

nephrologist

A

medical specialist in disorders of the kidney

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9
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidney

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9
Q

urea

A

end product of nitrogen metabolism

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10
Q

ureter

A

tube that connects each kidney to the urinary bladder

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10
Q

ureteral

A

pertaining to a ureter

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11
Q

urine

A

fluid and dissolved substances excreted by the kidney

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12
Q

urination

A

process of passing urine

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12
Q

urinate

A

to pass urine

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12
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine

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13
Q

urology

A

medical specialty that studies the urinary system

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14
Q

urologist

A

specialist in urology

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15
Q

nephr

A

kidney

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15
Q

ammon

A

ammonia

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15
Q

urological

A

pertaining to urology

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16
Q

filtr

A

strain through

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17
Q

nitr

A

nitrogen

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18
Q

gen

A

vreate

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18
Q

ureter

A

ureter

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19
Q

ur

A

urinary system

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20
Q

-logy

A

study of

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20
Q

urin

A

urine

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21
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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21
Q

-ation

A

process

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22
Q

-ate

A

composed of, pertaining to

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22
Q

-logist

A

one who studies

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22
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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23
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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23
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to

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24
Q

diuretic

A

agent that increases urine output

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25
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

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26
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

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27
Q

nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

A

cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

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28
Q

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

A

glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

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28
Q

pyelogram

A

x-ray image of renal pelvis and ureters using contrast media

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28
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

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29
Q

ur

A

urine

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29
Q

glomerul

A

glomerulus

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30
Q

blast

A

immature cell

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30
Q

hemat

A

blood

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31
Q

pyel

A

renal pelvis

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32
Q

-etic

A

pertaining to

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32
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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32
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

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32
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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33
Q

oliguria

A

scanty production of urine

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33
Q

-gram

A

record, recording

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33
Q

-tic

A

pertaining

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33
Q

-esis

A

condition

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33
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

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33
Q

-osis

A

condition

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33
Q

transplant

A

the act of transferring tissue from one person to another

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33
Q

dialysis

A

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

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33
Q

hemodialysis

A

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly from the blood

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33
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

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33
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine production

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33
Q

sibling

A

brother or sister

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33
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

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33
Q

polycystic

A

composed of many cysts

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33
Q

cyst

A

sac, bladder, cyst

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33
Q

sib

A

relative

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33
Q

uremia

A

the complex of symptoms arising from renal failure

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33
Q

an

A

a lack of, no

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33
Q

poly-

A

many

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33
Q

-ling

A

small

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34
Q

-emia

A

a blood condition

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34
Q

plant

A

insert, plant

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34
Q
A
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34
Q

dia-

A

complete

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34
Q

olig-

A

scanty

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34
Q

trans-

A

across

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34
Q

calculus

A

small stone

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34
Q

dipstick

A

a strip of plastic or paper bearing squares of reagent that change color to indicate presence of chemicals

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34
Q

extracorporeal

A

outside the body

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34
Q

flank

A

side of the body between the pelvis and the ribs

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34
Q

groin

A

crease where the thigh joins the abdomen

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34
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the pelvis and calyces of a kidney

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34
Q

hydronephrotic

A

pertaining to or suffering from dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney

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34
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing stones by sound waves

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34
Q

lithotripter

A

instrument that generates sound waves

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34
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of a kindey stone

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34
Q

peristalsis

A

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscle wall of a tube

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34
Q

extra-

A

outside

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35
Q

peri-

A

around

35
Q

corpor

A

body

35
Q

hydr

A

water

35
Q

lith

A

stone

35
Q

stalsis

A

constrict

35
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

35
Q

-tripter

A

crusher

35
Q

-iasis

A

condition, state of

35
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary bedwetting

35
Q

meatus

A

the external opening of a passage

36
Q

micturition

A

act of passing urine

37
Q

micturate

A

pass urine

37
Q

sphincter

A

a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes close

37
Q

reflex

A

an involuntary response to a stimulus

37
Q

voluntary

A

acting in obedience to the will

37
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine from bladder to outside

38
Q

involuntary

A

independent or contrary to the will

38
Q

urethral

A

pertaining to the urethra

38
Q

void

A

to evacuate urine or feces

38
Q

enur

A

urinate in

38
Q

mictur

A

pass urine

39
Q

in-

A

not

40
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

41
Q

urethr

A

urethra

41
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty or pain with urination

41
Q

incontinent

A

denoting incontinence

42
Q

incontinence

A

inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces

43
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

43
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

43
Q

retention

A

holding back in the body what should normally be discharged

44
Q

suprapubic

A

above the symphysis pubis

45
Q

vesicoureteral (reflux)

A

backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter

45
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

46
Q

cyst

A

bladder

46
Q

ur

A

urine

47
Q

contin

A

hold together

48
Q

pyel

A

renal pelvis

49
Q

pub

A

pubis

50
Q

vesic

A

bladder

51
Q

flux

A

flow

52
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult

53
Q

supra-

A

above

53
Q

-ence

A

state of

54
Q

cast

A

a cylindrical mold formed by materials in kidney tubules

55
Q

cystoscope

A

an endoscope inserted to view the inside of the bladder

56
Q

cystoscopy

A

the process of using a cystoscope

57
Q

cystourethrogram

A

x-ray imagine during voiding to show structure and function of a bladder and urethra

58
Q

glycosuria

A

presence of glucose in urine

59
Q

ketone

A

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

60
Q

ketosis

A

excess production of ketones

61
Q

ketoacidosis

A

excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid

62
Q

nitrite

A

chemical formed in urine by E. coli and other microorganisms

63
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein in urine

64
Q

retrograde

A

reversal of a normal flow; for example, back from the bladder into the ureters

64
Q

-gram

A

record

65
Q

acid

A

acid, low pH

65
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of urine to separate it into its element s and define their kind and/or quantity

65
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

65
Q

-scopy

A

to examine

66
Q

dialysis

A

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

66
Q

glyc

A

glucose

66
Q

ket

A

ketones

66
Q

-lysis

A

to seperate

67
Q

retro-

A

backward

67
Q

catheter

A

hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel

67
Q

protein

A

protein

67
Q

ambulatory

A

relating to walking

68
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder

69
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70
Q

dialyzer

A
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Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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