Chapter 12 Flashcards
1
Q
antidiuretic
A
an agent that decreases urine production
2
Q
endocrine
A
a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion
3
Q
endocrinology
A
medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones
4
Q
endocrinologist
A
a medical specialist in endocrinology
4
Q
hormone
A
chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
5
Q
melatonin
A
hormone formed by the pineal gland
5
Q
hypothalamus
A
an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain
5
Q
hormonal
A
pertaining to hormones
6
Q
hypothalamic
A
pertaining to the hypothalamus
7
Q
pituitary
A
pertaining to the pituary gland
7
Q
oxytocin
A
pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract
7
Q
pineal
A
pertaining to the pineal gland
8
Q
prostaglandin
A
hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from the prostate gland
9
Q
serotonin
A
neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system
10
Q
-logy
A
study of
10
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
11
Q
-logist
A
one who studies
12
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
13
Q
thalam
A
thalamus
13
Q
endo-
A
within
13
Q
-us
A
pertaining to
13
Q
-in
A
substance
14
Q
-in
A
chemical
14
Q
anti-
A
aganist
14
-ary
pertaining to
14
di-
complete
14
hypo-
below
14
crine
secrete
15
hormon
hormone
15
uret
urination
16
oxy
oxygen
16
mela
black
16
toc
labor and childbirth
16
ton
tension, pressure
16
prosta
prostate
17
pituit
pituitary
18
gland
gland
18
ser
serum
18
acromegaly
enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed
18
adrenocorticotropic
hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones
18
corticosteroid
a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
19
corticotropin
pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone
19
cortisone
a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex
19
diabetes insipidus (DI)
excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production
19
gonadotropin
any hormone that stimulates gonadal function
19
gonad
an organ that produces sex cells; a testis or an ovary
19
hydrocortisone
potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties
19
prolactin
pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk
19
somatotrophin
hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues
19
thyrotropin
hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland
19
-megaly
enlargement
20
-tropic
a turning, change
20
-steroid
steroid
20
-tropin
stimulation
20
-one
hormone
20
acr
peak, highest point
20
adren
adrenal gland
20
cortic
from the cortex
20
cortis
from the cortex
20
sipid
flavor
20
gonad
testis, ovary
20
hydr
water
20
lact
milk
20
somat
the body
20
thyr
thyroid
21
in-
not
21
pro-
before
21
adenoma
a benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue
21
biopsy
process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic examination
21
chiasm
x-shaped crossing of the two optic nerves at the base of the brain
21
optic
pertaining to the eye
21
osmolality
the concentration of a solution
21
tumor
any abnormal swelling
22
-oma
tumor
22
aden
gland
22
-opsry
to view
22
bio
life
22
-ity
state
22
osmol
concentration
23
analog
A compound that resembles another in structure but not in function; analog is a means of the transmission of continuous information to our senses, in contrast with the digital transmission of only zeros and ones
23
craniotomy
incision of the skull
23
endoscope
instrument for viewing the inside of a tubular or hollow organ
23
endoscopic
pertaining to an endoscope
23
gamma knife
a minimally invasive radiosurgical system
23
proton
the positively charged unit of the nuclear mass
24
stereotactic
pertaining to a precise three-dimensional method to locate a lesion or a tumor
24
transnasal
through the nose
24
transsphenoid
through the sphenoid sinus
25
-tomy
incision
25
crani
cranium
25
endo-
inside
26
-scope
instrument for viewing
26
stere
three-dimensional
26
tact
orderly arrangement
26
trans-
across, through
27
-oid
resembling
28
sphen
wedge
28
calictonin
hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones
29
emaciation
abnormal thinness
30
emaciated
pertaining to or suffering from emaciation
31
parathyroid
endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland
32
thymus
endocrine gland located in the mediastinum
33
thyroid
endocrine gland in the neck; or a cartilage of the larynx
33
thyroxine
thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine
33
calc
calcium
33
emac
make thin
34
ox
oxygen
34
-oid
resembling
34
-ation
process
35
-ine
pertaining to
35
cretin
severe congenital hypothyroidism
35
para-
adjacent, beside
36
cretinism
condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism
36
goiter
benign enlargment of the thyroid gland
36
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball
37
hasimoto disease
autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland
37
hyperparathyroidism
excessive levels of parathyroid hormone
37
graves disease
hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter
37
hypoparathyroidism
deficient levels of parathyroid hormone
38
hyperpyrexia
extremely high body temperature or fever
38
hyperthyroidism
excessive production of thyroid hormones
39
hypothyroidism
deficient production of thyroid hormones
39
myxedema
nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism
39
iodine
chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease
39
tetany
severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms
40
thyroidectomy
surgical removal of the thyroid gland
40
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
40
cretin
cretin
40
ophthalmos
eye
41
thyrotoxixosis
disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production
42
edema
swelling
42
pyrex
fever
42
toxic
posion
42
-ism
condition, process
43
-ectomy
surgical excision
43
-itis
inflammation
43
ex-
out
44
hyper-
excessive
44
hypo-
deficient, below
44
ablationablation
removal of tissue to destroy its function
44
myx-
mucus
45
aspiration
removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity
45
isotope
radioactive element; some of these elements are used in diagnostic procedures
45
isotopic
of identical chemical composition
46
lobectomy
surgical excision of a lymph node
46
lymphadenectomy
surgical excision of a lymph node
46
ultrasonography
delineation of deep structures using sound waves
46
radioactive iodine
any of the various tracers that emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays
47
-graphy
recording
47
-ion
process
47
ablat
take away
47
aspirat
breathe in
48
radi
radiation
48
lob
lobe
48
lymohaden
lymph node
48
tope
part
48
act
performance
49
ultra-
beyond
49
son
sound
49
addison disease
an autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids
49
iso-
equal
50
adrenocortical
pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland
50
adrenal
endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney
50
facies
facial features and expressions
51
aldosterone
mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex
51
adrenaline
main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla
51
cushing syndrome
hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland
51
ren
kidney
51
catecholamine
major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response; including epinephrine and norepinephrine
52
hydrocortisone
potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties
52
glucocorticoid
hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
52
idiopathic
pertaining to a disease of unknow etiology
52
-amine
nitrogen containing substance
52
mineralocorticoid
hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
52
steroid
large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormonesm and body components
52
nephr
kidney
52
norepinephrine
catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a sympathetic neurotransmitter
53
idi
unknown
53
ster
steroid
53
adren
adrenal
54
supra-
above
54
path
disease
55
mineral
inorganic material
55
catechol
tyrosine containing
55
aid
organic compound
55
ambiguous
uncertain
55
epi-
above
55
androgen
hormone that produces masculine characteristics
56
hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
56
genital
relating to the primary male or female sex organs
56
ad-
to, toward
56
nor-
normal
56
medulla
central part of a structure surrounded by cortex
57
-gen
to produce
57
andr
male
57
genit
primary male or female sex organs
58
cortex
outer portion of an organ
58
plas
formation
58
exocrine
a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts
58
glucagon
pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels
59
glucose
the final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood
59
glycogenolysis
conversion of glycogen to glucose
59
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
59
insulin
hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas
59
gen
create
60
somatostain
hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin
60
crine
secrete
60
pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon
61
isl
island
61
somat
body
61
genesis
creation
61
gluc
sugar, glucose
61
glyc
glycogen
62
insul
an island
62
pancreat
pancreas
62
amputation
process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part
62
-lysis
separate, dissolve
62
exo-
outward
62
-agon
to fight
63
-ose
full of
63
autoantibody
antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host's own tissue
63
-statin
inhibit
63
comatose
in a state of coma
63
diabetes mellitus
metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and or ineffectiveness
64
coma
state of deep unconsciousness
65
diabetic
pertaining to or suffering from diabetes
66
hyperglacemia
high level of glucose in the blood
67
hyperglycemic
pertaining to or having hyperglycemia
67
hypoglycemia
low level of glucose in the blood
68
hypoglycemic
pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar
68
nephropathy
any disease of the kidney
69
neuropathy
any disease of the nervous system
70
parasthesia
an abnormal sensation e.g., tingling, burning, pricking
71
polyuria
excessive production of urine
71
polydipsia
excessive thirst
71
retinopathy
degenerative disease of the retina
71
polyphagia
excessive eating
72
body
body
72
amput
to prune, lop off
73
diabet
diabetes
73
comat
coma
73
esthes
sensation
73
nephr
kidney
73
neur
nerve
73
phag
eat
73
dips
thirst
74
endocrine physician assistants
work with endocrinologists to provide care and education to endocrine and diabetes patients
74
-emia
blood condition
74
ur
urine
74
endocrine nurse practitioners
registered nurses with specialized training in endocrinology
74
-pathy
diease
74
retin
retina of the eye
74
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
74
auto-
self, same
74
anti-
aganist
75
poly-
many, excessive
75
ketoacidosis
excessive ketones in the blood, making it acidic
75
par-
abnormal
75
ketosis
excessive production of ketones
75
lethargy
abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time
75
metabolic acidosis
decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
75
acetone
ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control
76
ketone
chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
77
saline
salt solution, usually sodium chloride
77
-osis
condition
77
acid
acid
77
ket
ketone
78
metabol
change
78
Endocrineologists
medical specialists concerned with the production and effects of hormones
78
certified diabetic educators
certified to possess specialized knowledge in diabetes self-management education and monitoring
