Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
cartilage
A
Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints
2
Q
chiropractor
A
practitioner of chiropractic
3
Q
chiropractic
A
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
4
Q
detoxification
A
removing poison from a tissue or substance
5
Q
ligament
A
band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures
6
Q
muscle
A
a tissue consisting of cells that can contract
7
Q
musculoskeletal
A
pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton
8
Q
orthopedic
A
pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; originally, most of the deformities treated were in children
9
Q
orthopedist
A
specialist in orthopedics
10
Q
osteocalcin
A
a hormone produced by bone cells
11
Q
osteopath
A
practitioner of osteopathy
12
Q
osteopathy
A
medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body
13
Q
tendon
A
fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
14
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
15
Q
chir
A
hand
16
Q
pract
A
efficient, practical
17
Q
-or
A
doer
18
Q
-fication
A
remove
19
Q
de-
A
from, out of
20
Q
toxi
A
posion
21
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
22
Q
muscul
A
muscle
23
Q
skelet
A
skeleton
24
Q
orth
A
straight
25
ped
child
26
-ist
specialist
27
-in
chemical compound
28
oste
bone
29
calc
calcium
30
-path
disease
31
cortex
outer portion of an organ, such as bone
32
cortical
pertaining to a cortex
33
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
34
epiphysis
expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone to provide increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons
35
epiphysial
pertaining to an epiphysis
36
Haversian canals
vascular canals in bone
37
marrow
fatty blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones
38
medulla
central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
39
medullary
pertaining to a medulla
40
periosteum
strong membrane surrounding a bone
41
periosteal
pertaining to the periosteum
42
cortic
cortex
43
epi
above, upon
44
physis
growth
45
-ial
pertaining to
46
-ary
pertaining to
47
medulla
medulla
48
-um
structure
49
peri-
around
50
epiphysial plate
layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis where bone growth occurs
51
achondroplasia
condition with abnormal early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism
52
osteogenesis imperfecta
inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones
53
osteomalacia
soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium
54
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
55
osteopenia
decreased calcification of bone
56
osteoporosis
condition in which bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture
57
rickets
disease due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones
58
sarcoma
malignant tumor originating in connective tissue
59
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor originating in cartilage cells
60
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells
61
-plasia
formation
62
a
without
63
chondr
cartilage
64
-genesis
creation, formation
65
-itis
inflammation
66
-malacia
abnormal softness
67
myel
bone marrow
68
-penia
deficient
69
-sis
condition
70
por
opening
71
-oma
tumor, mass
72
sarc
flesh
73
gen
creation
74
in utero
within the womb; not yet born
75
closed (simple fracture)
a bone is broken, but the skin is not broken
76
open (compound fracture)
a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture
77
displaced
the fractured bone parts are out of line
78
complete
a bone is broken into at least two fragments
79
incomplete
the fracture does not extend completely across the bone (can be hairline, as in stress fracture in the foot, when there is not separation of two fragments)
80
comminuted
the bone breaks into several pieces, usually two major piece and several smaller fragments
81
transverse
the fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone
82
impacted
the fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in shortening of a limb
83
spiral
the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone
84
linear
the fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
85
greenstick
this is a partial fracture. one side breaks, and the other bends
86
pathologic
the fracture occurs in an area of bone weakened by disease, such as cancer
87
compression
the fracture occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed
88
stress
this is a fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running
89
callus
bony tissue that forms at a fracture site early in healing
90
cancellous
bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structure
91
comminuted
a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces
92
hematoma
collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue
93
osteoblast
a bone-forming cell
94
osteocyte
a bone-maintaining cell
95
pathologic fracture
fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer
96
-ed
pertaining to
97
comminut
break into pieces
98
-oma
tumor, mass
99
hemat
blood
100
-blast
immature cell
101
cyte
cell
102
log
to study
103
-ure
result of
104
fract
to break
105
cervical
pertaining to the neck region
106
coccyx
small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column
107
foramen
an opening through a structure
108
kyphosis
a normal posterior curve of the spine that can be exaggerated in disease
109
kyphotic
pertaining to or suffering from kyphosis
110
lumbar
the region of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis
111
sacrum
segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis
112
sacral
pertaining to or in the region of the sacrum
113
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
114
scoliotic
pertaining to or suffering from scoliosis
115
spine
vertebral column or a short projection from a bone
116
spinal
pertaining to the spine
117
vertebra
one of the bones of the spinal column
118
vertebral
pertaining to a vertebra
119
whiplash
symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension, and flexion of the neck, often in an automobile accident
120
cervic
neck
121
-osis
condition
122
kyph
bent, humpback
123
-tic
pertaining to
124
sacr
sacrum
125
scoli
crooked
126
spin
spine
127
vertebr
vertebra
128
whip
to swing
129
lash
end of whip
130
thoracic
pertaining to the chest (thorax)
131
cranium
the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain
132
cranial
pertaining to the skull
133
ethmoid
bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells
134
lacrimal
lacrimal bone forms part of the medical wall of the orbit or pertaining to tears
135
mandible
lower jaw bone
136
mandibular
pertaining to the mandible
137
maxilla
upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses
138
maxillary
pertaining to the maxilla
139
occipital
the back of the skull
140
palatine
bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits
141
parietal
the two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium
142
sphenoid
wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull
143
temporal
bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull
144
temporomandibular joint
the joint between the temporal bone an the mandible
145
zygoma
bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
146
zygomatic
pertaining to the cheekbone
147
crani
skull
148
-oid
resembling
149
ethm
sieve
150
lacrim
tears
151
mandibul
mandible
152
maxilla
maxilla
153
occipit
back of the head
154
-ine
pertaining to
155
palat
palate
156
pariet
wall
157
sphen
wedge
158
tempor
time, temple
159
-ar
pertaining to
160
mandibul
mandible
161
zygomat
cheekbone
162
-ic
pertaining to
163
acromion
lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint
164
acromioclavicular
the joint between the acromion and the clavicle
165
articulate
two separate bones have formed a joint
166
articulation
a joint
167
clavicle
curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle
168
clavicular
pertaining to the clavicle
169
deformity
a permanent structural deviation from the normal
170
dislocation
completely out of the joint
171
humerus
single bone of the upper arm
172
pectoral
pertaining to the chest
173
pectoral girdle
incomplete bony ring that attaches to the axial skeleton
174
scapula
shoulder blade
175
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation when some contact between the joint surfaces remains
176
scapular
pertaining to the shoulder blade
177
acromi
acromion
178
clavicul
clavicle
179
-ate
composed of
180
articul
joint
181
ation
process
182
-ity
condition
183
de
change of
184
form
appearance, form
185
-ion
action, condition
186
locat
place
187
dis
apart, away from
188
pector
chest
189
scapul
scapula
190
sub-
under, below, slightly
191
luxat
dislocate
192
aspiration
removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity
193
bursa
a closed sac containing synovial fluid
194
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
195
capititulum
a small head or rounded extremity of a bone
196
olecranon
prominent, proximal extremity of ulna
197
pronation
process of lying face down or of turning a hand or foot with the volar surface down
198
prone
lying face down, flat on your belly
199
radius
the forearm bone on the thumb side
200
radial
pertaining to the radius or to any of the structures named after it
201
supination
process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot so that the pam or sole is facing up
202
supine
lying face up, flat on your spine
202
trochlea
smooth articular surface of bone on which another glides
203
trochlear
pertaining to a trochlea
204
ulna
the medical and larger bone of the forearm
205
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna or to any of the structures named after it
206
aspirat
to breathe on
207
burs
bursa
208
lum
small structure
209
capit
small head
210
pronat
bend down
211
radi
radius
212
supinate
bend backward
213
trochle
pulley
214
uln
ulna
215
arthritis
inflammation of a joint or joints
216
carpus
the eight carpal bones of the wrist
216
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
217
metacarpal
the five bones between the carpus and the fingers
218
colles fracture
fracture of the distal radius at the wrist
219
eponym
a procedure or a diagnosis with a name derived from the name of the person who discovered it (if it is a disease or condition) or originated it (if it is a procedure)
219
metacarpophalangeal
the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges
220
Heberden node
Bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis
221
osteoarthritis
chronic inflammatory
221
phalanx
one of the bones of the digits (fingers or toes)
222
rheumatic
pertaining to or characterized by rheumatism
223
rheumatism
pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system
224
rheumatiod arthritis
systematic disease affecting many joints
225
carp
wrist bones
226
meta-
after, subsequent to
227
phalang
phalanx
228
rheumat
a flow
229
acetabulum
the cup-shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint
229
-ism
condition
230
femur
the thigh bone
231
femoral
pertaining to the femur
232
ilium
large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis
232
ischium
lower and posterior part of the hip bone
232
pelvis
basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine. (also any basin-shaped cavity like the pelvis of the kidney)
232
ischial
pertaining to the ischium
232
pubis
alternative name for pubic bone
232
sacroiliac joint
the joint between the sacrum and the ilium
232
pelv
pelvis
232
symphysis
two bones joined by fibrocartilage; in this case, the two pubic bones
232
pubic
pertaining to the pubic bone
232
femor
femur
232
ischi
ischium, hip bone
232
pub
pubis
232
ili
ilium
232
arthrodesis
fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery
232
brace
appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position
232
-ac
pertaining to
233
radiology
the study of medical imaging
233
diastasis
separation of normally joined parts
233
arthrodesis
fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery
233
stable
steady, not varying
233
radiologist
medical specialist in the use of x-rays and other imaging techniques
233
stabilize
to make or hold firm and steady
233
-logy
study of
233
-desis
to fuse together
233
radi
radiation, x-rays
233
-ize
action
233
-logist
one who studies, specialist
234
stabil
steady, fixed
235
arthroplasty
surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint
236
avascular
without blood supply
237
labrum
cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint
238
necrosis
pathologic death of cells or tissue
239
necrotic
pertaining to or affected by necrosis
240
prosthesis
an artificial part to remedy a defect in the body
241
prosthetic
pertaining to a prosthesis
242
-desis
to fuse together
243
-plasty
reshaping by surgery
244
necr
death
245
prosthet
prosthesis
246
vascul
blood vessel
247
collateral
situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction
248
cruciate
shaped like a cross. In this case, the two internal ligaments of the knee joint cross over each other to form an "X"
249
fibula
the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
250
fibular
pertaining to the fibula
251
meniscus
disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint, in this case, the knee joint
252
patella
thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellae tendon
253
patellar
pertaining to the patella bone or the tendon
254
tibial
pertaining to the tibia
254
rupture
break or tear of any body part
255
tibia
the larger bone of the lower leg
256
later
side
256
co
together
257
patell
patella
257
fibul
fibula
258
tibi
tibia
258
medial
nearer to the middle
259
arhtrocentesis
aspiration of fluid from a joint
259
arthrography
x-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint
260
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint
260
arthroscope
endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint
261
bursa
a closed sac containing synovial fluid
261
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
261
debridement
the removal of injured or necrotic tissue
262
hyperflextion
flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits
263
meniscectomy
excision (cutting out) of all or part of a meniscus
264
prepatellar
In front of the patella
265
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
266
-centesis
puncture
267
-graphy
process of recording
268
-scopy
the process of using an instrument to examine visually
269
-scope
instrument to examine visually
270
burs
bursa
271
de
removal, out of
272
hyper
excessive
273
-ectomy
surgical excision
274
menisc
crescent, emniscus
275
pre
before, in front of
276
tendin
tendon
277
-ion
action, condition
278
bunion
a swelling at the base of the big toe
279
hallux valgus
deviation of the big toe toward the medial side fo the foot
279
calcaneal
pertaining to the calcaneus
279
calcaneus
bone of the tarsus that forms the heel
280
mestatarsus
the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges
280
metatarsal
pertaining to the metatarsus
281
podiatry
the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot
281
podiatrist
practitioner of podiatry
282
pott fracture
fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often with fracture of the tibial malleolus
283
talus
the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint
284
tarsus
the collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep
285
tarsal
pertaining to the tarsus
286
-eal
pertaining to
287
calcan
calcaneus
288
hallux
big toe
289
valgus
turn out
290
-us
pertaining to
291
tars
ankle
292
iatry
treatment
293
pod
foot
294
-iatrist
practitioner
295
amputation
process of removing a limb, a part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part
296
biopsy
process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination
297
bisphosphonate
a class of drugs used to prevent and treat fragile bones, drug that delays the rate of bone resporation
298
chemotherapy
treatment using chemical agens
298
cyrosurgery
use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in surgery to freeze and kill abnormal tissue
299
estrogen
generic term for hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics
300
glucose
the final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in blood
301
incision
a cut or surgical wound
302
incisional
pertaining to an incision
303
radiotherapy
treatment using radiation
304
amput
to prune, top off
305
-opsy
to view
306
bio
life
307
-ate
composed of
308
bi
two
309
phos
phosphate
310
phon
sounds like
311
therapy
medical treatment
312
chem
chemical
313
-ery
process of
314
cry
icy cold
315
surg
operate
316
estr
woman
317
-ose
full of
318
gluc
sugar, glucose
319
incis
cut into
320
acetaminophen
medication that modifies or relieves pain
321
calcitonin
hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones
322
corticosteroids
a hormone produced by the adrenal cortext
323
inhibitu
to curb or restrain
324
inhibitor
agent that curbs or restrainsin
325
intra-articular
pertaining to the inside of a joint
326
in
chemical compound
327
calci
calcium
328
ton
tension, pressure
329
-oid
resembling
330
cortic
cortisone
331
ster
steroid
332
intra
inside
333
articul
joint
