Chapter 9 Flashcards
A process of obtaining nutrients through food and/or food products to support energy requirements and cellular processes, including growth, repair and maintenance of tissues, reproduction, digestive processes, and respiration.
Nutrition
The actions that a professional is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their license or certification
Scope of practice
Claim that a food has a specific nutritional property or provides a specific benefit
Nutrition claim
Food substances required in large amounts to supply energy; include protein, carbohydrate, and fat.
macronutrients
Vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. These are nonenergy yielding nutrients that have important regulatory functions in metabolic pathways.
micronutrients
Group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes.
vitamins
Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of minerals: major minerals (aka, macrominerals) and trace minerals.
minerals
Amino acids linked by peptide bonds; the building blocks of body tissues.
protein
Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
amino acids
A chemical bond that connects two amino acids.
peptide bond
Amino acid that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; there are nine essential amino acids.
essential amino acid (EAA)
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
substrates
A process in which the body breaks down existing proteins and recycles the component amino acids for incorporation into new proteins or other nitrogen-containing compounds.
protein turnover
A protein source that provides all essential amino acids.
complete protein
A protein that lacks one or more of the amino acids required to build cells.
incomplete protein
