Chapter 4

Question 1

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).

Answer 1

physical activity

Question 2

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.

Answer 2

adherence

Question 3

Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave.

Answer 3

autonomy

Question 4

When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction.

Answer 4

intrinsic motivation

Question 5

A communal space, separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others.

Answer 5

third space

Question 6

Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior.

Answer 6

behavior change techniques (BCT)

Question 7

One’s belief that they can complete a task, goal, or performance; also known as self-confidence.

Answer 7

self-efficacy

Question 8

Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation.

Answer 8

ambivalence

Question 9

Observing, measuring, and evaluating one’s own behavior, often in the form of a diary or log.

Answer 9

self-monitoring

Question 10

Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior.

Answer 10

determinants of behavior

Question 11

A construct that captures motivational factors that influence behavior. It indicates how hard people are willing to try and how much effort they are planning to exert.

Answer 11

intention

Question 12

A broad theoretical framework for the study of human motivation.

Answer 12

self-determination theory

Question 13

When motives for exercise relate to valuing the outcome, when exercise is consistent with the client’s identity, or when the client enjoys exercise.

Answer 13

autonomous motivation

Question 14

A concrete representation of when and where exercise will occur.

Answer 14

planning

Question 15

The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest.

Answer 15

attitudes

Question 16

The expected positive and negative consequences of a behavior.

Answer 16

outcome expectations

Question 17

The state of mental or emotional tension from demanding circumstances.

Answer 17

stress

Question 18

An evaluation of whether one has the means, resources, and opportunities to perform a behavior.

Answer 18

perceived behavioral control

Question 19

Referring to expected pleasure or enjoyment.

Answer 19

affective judgement

Question 20

Belief that an important person or group of people will approve and support a behavior.

Answer 20

subjective norms

Question 21

Reflects the clients’ weighing of the pros and cons of changing

Answer 21

decisional balance

Question 22

The process of seeking to understand the meaning of the speaker’s words and restating the idea back to the speaker to confirm that they were understood correctly.

Answer 22

reflective listening

Question 23

Listening style that involves having genuine interest in what the speaker is saying; requires the listener to fully concentrate to understand the speaker’s message.

Answer 23

active listening

Question 24

Directive questions that can be answered with one word, typically a yes or no.

Answer 24

close-ended questions

Question 25

Short sentences that continue the client’s thoughts and add momentum to the conversation.

Answer 25

collecting summaries

Question 26

Summaries that tie together information the client has presented, perhaps even from previous sessions.

Answer 26

linking summaries

Question 27

Summaries used to wrap up a session or announce a shift in focus.

Answer 27

transitional summaries

Question 28

Positive statements about character strengths.

Answer 28

affirmations

Question 29

Client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

Answer 29

motivational interviewing

Question 30

An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self.

Answer 30

self-discrepancy

Question 31

Talk that represents and predicts movement away from change.

Answer 31

sustain talk

Question 32

Talk that reflects movement of the person toward behavior change.

Answer 32

change talk

Question 33

A behavior change technique that links a goal-directed response to situational cues by specifying when, where, and how to act.

Answer 33

implementations intentions

Question 34

A behavior change technique that involves anticipating barriers to goal action and proactively preparing strategies that prioritize intentional behavior over counterproductive habitual responses.

Answer 34

coping plans

Question 35

Internal dialogue in which the individual interprets feelings and perceptions, regulates and changes evaluations and convictions, and gives himself or herself instructions and reinforcement.

Answer 35

self-talk

Question 36

Replacing negative statements with positive statements.

Answer 36

reverse listing

Question 37

When people believe the exact content of their own thoughts.

Answer 37

cognitive fusion

Question 38

The process created to produce internalized experiences.

Answer 38

imagery

Question 39

When a person imagines appearance or health related outcomes.

Answer 39

appearance imagery

Question 40

When a person creates mental images that increase energy and/or relieve stress.

Answer 40

energy imagery

Question 41

When individuals mentally rehearse their technique.

Answer 41

technique imagery

Question 42

The process to get oneself into a state of psychological readiness for performance.

Answer 42

psyching up