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CPT > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.

A

cardiorespiratory system

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2
Q

A system of the body, also known as the circulatory system, that transports blood to tissues of the body.

A

cardiovascular system

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3
Q

Chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.

A

thoracic cavity

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4
Q

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.

A

mediastinum

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5
Q

Muscle of the heart.

A

cardiac muscle

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6
Q

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

An involuntary nonstriated muscle type that is found in organs.

A

smooth muscle

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8
Q

The contractile components of a muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within what?

A

myofibrils

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9
Q

The structural unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.

A

sarcomere

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10
Q

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.

A

atrium (atria)

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11
Q

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

A

ventricle

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12
Q

Found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells

A

intercalated disc

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13
Q

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

A

resting heart rate (RHR)

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14
Q

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

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15
Q

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

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16
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

A

stroke volume

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17
Q

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

A

end-diastolic volume

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18
Q

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

A

end-systolic volume

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19
Q

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).

A

heart rate (HR)

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20
Q

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

A

bradycardia

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21
Q

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

A

tachycardia

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22
Q

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).

A

cardiac output (Q)

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23
Q

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney).

A

blood

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24
Q

Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development, and help with healing after injury

A

growth factors

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25
Q

Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.

A

stem cells

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26
Q

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

A

blood vessels

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27
Q

carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.

A

arteries

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28
Q

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

A

capillaries

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29
Q

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.

A

veins

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30
Q

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.

A

arterioles

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31
Q

Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

A

venules

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32
Q

The formation of new capillaries.

A

vasculogenesis

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33
Q

The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels.

A

angiogenesis

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34
Q

Supplies blood to the brain via the neck

A

carotid artery

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35
Q

Supplies blood to both arms

A

subclavian artery

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36
Q

Supply blood to the digestive system

A

mesenteric artery

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37
Q

Supply blood to both kidneys

A

renal artery

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38
Q

Supply blood to the pelvic and reproductive organs

A

iliac artery

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39
Q

Smallest blood vessels in the body

A

capillaries

40
Q

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

A

venous pooling

41
Q

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.

A

blood pressure

42
Q

The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.

A

peripheral resistance

43
Q

___ (large vessels) and ___ (medium vessels) carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and then out into the body

A

arteries, arterioles

44
Q

___ (large vessels) and ___ (medium vessels_ carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs

A

veins, venules

45
Q

___ (smallest vessels) are the sites of nutrients exchange in bodily tissues where arterioles and venules meet.

A

capillaries

46
Q

Consistently elevated blood pressure.

A

hypertension

47
Q

A bodily system, also known as the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into the lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs into the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.

A

respiratory system

48
Q

Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow for proper respiratory mechanics as well as pumping blood back to the heart during inspiration.

A

respiratory pump

49
Q

The process of contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

A

inspiration

50
Q

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

A

expiration

51
Q

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

A

valsalva maneuver

52
Q

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

A

diffusion

53
Q

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

A

tachypnea

54
Q

Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.

A

bradypnea

55
Q

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

A

dyspnea

56
Q

Breathing deeply by allowing the expansion of the abdominal area.

A

diaphragmatic breathing

57
Q

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

A

Lipolysis

58
Q

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

A

enzyme

59
Q

Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

A

glands

60
Q

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

A

Hormone

61
Q

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

A

target (receptor) cell

62
Q

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

A

hypothalamus

63
Q

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

A

pineal gland

64
Q

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

A

pancreas

65
Q

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.

A

thyroid gland

66
Q

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

A

pituitary gland

67
Q

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

A

adrenal gland

68
Q

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

A

reproductive glands

69
Q

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

A

insulin

70
Q

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

A

glucagon

71
Q

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

A

substrates

72
Q

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

A

glycogen

73
Q

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

A

growth hormone

74
Q

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

A

catecholamines

75
Q

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

A

catabolic

76
Q

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

A

gluconeogenesis

77
Q

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

A

overtraining

78
Q

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

A

testosterone

79
Q

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

A

anabolic

80
Q

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

A

insulin-like growth factors (IGF)

81
Q

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

82
Q

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

A

calcitonin

83
Q

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.

A

glucose intolerance

84
Q

An organ found below the liver, on the right side of the body, that receives bile from the liver and secretes it into the duodenum.

A

gal bladder

85
Q

An organ in the upper-right abdominal cavity with numerous functions, including the production and secretion of bile, which is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder prior to release into the duodenum.

A

liver

86
Q

In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.

A

motility

87
Q

The mechanical process whereby the oral muscles break down food.

A

mastication

88
Q

The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.

A

peristalsis

89
Q

Multistep process that describes the passage of food through the body.

A

digestion

90
Q

The process of nutrients being absorbed into the body during the digestive process.

A

absorption

91
Q

The anatomical part of the digestive tract that allows food to pass from oral cavity to stomach.

A

esophagus

92
Q

The act of taking food, liquid, or other substances into the body in preparation for digestion.

A

ingestion

93
Q

A semifluid mass of digested food that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine.

A

chyme

94
Q

Part of the small intestine that resides between the stomach and the jejunum.

A

duodenum

95
Q

Part of the small intestine that resides between the duodenum and the ileum.

A

jejunum

96
Q

The final section of the small intestine, located between the jejunum and the cecum and leads to the large intestine.

A

ileum

CPT (9 decks)

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