Chapter 1 Flashcards
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
musculoskeletal system
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
deconditioned
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.
overweight
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
muscle imbalance
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
joint stability
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
obesity
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
kinesiology
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
evidence-based practice
Stages of OPT Model is
phase 1 stabilization endurance, phase 2 strength endurance, phase 3 muscular development, phase 4 maximal strength, phase 5 power
What does the term evidence-based practice refer to?
the conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation
socioeconomic status
The state of having a disease
morbidity
A state or a risk of death or dying.
mortality
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
homeostasis
Which organization functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations?
WHO (World Health Organization)
Which of the following chronic diseases is the leading cause of death in both men and women?
Coronary Heart Disease
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
risk factor
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
cholesterol
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
stroke
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.
heart attack
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
heart failure
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
heart valve problem
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Arrhythmia
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Ischemic heart disease
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Atherosclerosis
Examples of physical activity
golf, gardening, walking the dog
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
hypertension
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Diabetes
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
glucose
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.
Endorphins
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
skeletal muscles
A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
sprain
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.
Planter Fasciitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).
Patella Tendonitis
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL)
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
medial collateral ligament tear (MCL)
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.
shoulder impingement syndrome
The various monetary requirements associated with the day-to-day running of a business.
operational costs
An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.
high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
adherence
