Chapter 9

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

the learned and shared beliefs, values, norms, and traditions of a particular group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions

Question 2

What is the difference between unconscious bias and implicit bias?

Answer 2

– unconscious bias: bias that we’re unaware of, influenced by personal experiences, our own culture, and the BG we come from

– implicit bias: bias that we’re aware of towards a group of individuals

Question 3

What is the difference between emic and etic world views?

Answer 3

– emic: having an insider WV of a culture by belonging to it

– etic: having an outsider WV of a culture by not belonging to it

Question 4

How does the iceberg analogy apply to culturally congruent care?

Answer 4

most aspects of a person’s world view are hidden beneath the surface; most actions (ours and our patients’) are influenced by things that we cannot see

Question 5

What is acculturation versus assimilation?

Answer 5

– acculturation: transitioning from one culture into another

– assimilation: adaptation to another culture resulting in a change of preferences compared to preferences had when part of the old culture

Question 6

How is culture related to health care, specifically disease and illness?

Answer 6

culture affects how an individual defines the meaning of illness and disease; culture determines how people react to diseases and the treatments of them

Question 7

What are the 5 constructs of Campinha-Bacote (a cultural competence model)?

Answer 7

1. cultural awareness
2. cultural knowledge
3. cultural skill
4. cultural encounters
5. cultural desire

Question 8

What is the LEARN model?

Answer 8

• L = listen to patient’s perception of the problem
• E = explain your perception of the problem
• A = acknowledge any differences or similarities in those perceptions
• R = recommend care that involves the patient and his/her beliefs
• N = negotiate a treatment plan