Chapter 45

Question 1

How much energy do carbohydrates, proteins, and fats contribute?

Answer 1

– carbohydrates = 4 kcal/g

– proteins = 4 kcal/g

– fats = 9 kcal/g

Question 2

What kind of diet should be encouraged for patients recovering from tissue damage?

Answer 2

high-protein diets

Question 3

What are 3 ways that we can promote a patient’s appetite?

Answer 3

1. environment
   
   1. free of odors
   2. social activity encourages greater food intake
2. oral care
3. small frequent meals

Question 4

What is enteral tube feeding, and why is it used?

Answer 4

– enteral tube feeding: supplying food directly into GI tract (nasogastric, gastric, or jejunal)

– done because some pts cannot feed themselves

Question 5

What is parenteral nutrition, and why is it used?

Answer 5

– parenteral nutrition: food provided intravenously

– done because some patients cannot digest or absorb enteral nutrition

Question 6

How should the patient be positioned during feedings?

Answer 6

upright with head elevated; bed at a minimum of 30 degrees