Chapter 9-10 Flashcards
The central concept on Wundt’s voluntarism was:
will
To study the higher mental processes, Wundt believed that we must use
naturalistic observation of various forms
Titchener defined ____ as the accumulated experiences of a lifetime
the mind
Ebbinghaus was the first to study
learning and memory as they occurred
Which of the following questions raised by the Wurzburg school contributed to the downfall of structuralism
all of these choices
As evidence for his views on verbal communication, Wundt pointed out that we remember ____ and not ____.
meanings; specific words
Wundt’s concept of mental chronometry is
an accurate cataloging of the time it took to perform various mental acts
Wundt’s tridimensional theory of feeling
Pleasant-unpleasant
Excitement-calm
Strain-relaxation
Titchener formed “The Experimentalists” because
he believed the APA was too friendly towards applied topics
To study mental acts and intentionality, Brentano used
phenomenological introspection
Who applied the notion of evolution to all the universe?
Herbert Spencer
Inclusive fitness
Expands “fitness” to include any behaviour that helps other creature with same genes survive
Who formulated a theory of evolution similar to Darwin’s at about the same time that Darwin formulated his own theory
Wallace
Goddard, along with several leading scientists of the day, believed that feeble-minded individuals should
not be allowed to reproduce
Act psychology (who/what)
Brentano:deals with interaction between mental processes and physical events
ex. Love something, judge something
Brentano thought introspection should examine ____ rather than _____
Function rather than elements
was Wundt closer to rationalism or empiricism?
Rationalism because of apperception
major thrust of voluntarism
Mental activity does not have cause, it has purpose
fictionalism (who/what)
Vaihinger: All reality is fiction that can only be evaluated in terms of its usefulness, though it can still be useful
Kulpe’s contribution
Mental set, which grants determining set, which allows unconscious problem solving. exposed imageless thought
How did Titchner explain meaning in an empiricist way?
Context theory of meaning: Associationism causes group of sensations to form a core, and the resulting image is a context which gives meaning
Clever hans phenomenon (who/what)
Stumpf: performance of intelligent feats by non human animals explained as response to conscious or unconscious cues by trainers
Creative synthesis
An active-mind version of mental chemistry
the mind can rearrange and synthesis attended stimuli to create new arrangements.
What did ebbinghaus demonstrate about Wundt’s theories?
That higher mental processes actually COULD be studied experimentally
How did Ebbinghaus experiment with higher order processes?
Using nonsense material to study learning and memory as they occured
Jean Lamark’s main contribution
theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
What ideas originated with Herbart?
social Darwinism and Spencer-Bain principle
Spencer-Bain principle
Cornerstone of behaviourism
If pleasant, likely to be repeated, if not, not
What were Galton’s thoughts on intelligence?
Largely inherited, advocated eugenics, first to study intelligence
Who discovered variations in mental imagery ability?
Galton
What was the primary purpose for binet’s scale?
To identify children who could use extra help
Was Binet nativist?
Not entirely. He thought children could benefit from special attention
Mental orthopedics
Exercises to strengthen will, attention, and discipline
(g)
General intelligence described by Spearman
Hereditary
Spearman vs Binet on intelligence
Unitary vs diverse
Hereditary versus modifiable
Accepted in states vs not
Who used twin studies to show heredity of intelligence?
Burt
