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History of Psychology > Chapter 5-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Founder of British empiricism

A

Thomas hobbes

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2
Q

Thomas followed in the footsteps of ____ and ____, but rejected the _____ method

A

Occam and Bacon, Inductive

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3
Q

Thomas on Mind/Body (2)

A

Materialist, mechanist

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4
Q

Hobbes on Motivation

A

Hedonistic theory

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5
Q

Summary of Hobbes

A

Mechanist, Materialist, Determinist, Empiricist, Hedonist

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6
Q

Attacked church by attacking innate ideas

A

John Locke

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7
Q

What is an idea to Locke and whence does it come?

A

Mental image, comes from sensation or reflection

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8
Q

Locke on emotions

A

All derived from pleasure and pain

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9
Q

What does the paradox of the basins show?

A

Temperature is a secondary quality

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10
Q

Locke vs Galileo on primary/secondary quality

A

Locke thought both were equally valuable

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11
Q

What does Locke use to explain Faulty beliefs?

A

Associationism

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12
Q

Locke on education

A

Nurture more important than nature

Approached behaviourism

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13
Q

Berkeley on Materialism

A

Things only come to exist as they are perceived

No matter, no materialism

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14
Q

What did Berkeley believe about primary/secondary qualities?

A

All qualities are secondary

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15
Q

How is distance perception understood by berkeley

A

Distance perception is formed by associationism

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16
Q

JS Mill on Associationism

How did he differ from his father?

A

Proposed mental chemistry as opposed to physics

Sensations/ideas can be combined into something completely different

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17
Q

(JS Mill) Primary vs Secondary mental states

A

Sensations vs the weaker impressions left behind (ideas)

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18
Q

(JS Mill’s)Contribution to psychology

A

Demonstrated psychology can be studied scientifically, though inexactly

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19
Q

What was J S Mills proposed field of study?

A

Ethology, the study of character development

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20
Q

Why did ethology fail?

A

J S Mill didn’t address emotions

21
Q

Hume referred to knowledge that existed by definition, such as mathematical knowledge, as

A

demonstrative knowledge

22
Q

La Mettrie believed that:

a. humans were morally superior to nonhuman animals
b. religion had done much to improve the human condition
c. atheism had done much to worsen the human condition
d. accepting atheism and materialism would lead to a more humane world

A

d. accepting atheism and materialism would lead to a more humane world

23
Q

Of Locke’s beliefs concerning the mind, which one is not true?

a. the mind neither creates nor destroys ideas
b. the mind can arrange existing ideas in an almost infinite number of configurations
c. the mind clarifies innate ideas
d. the mind combines simple ideas into complex ideas

A

c. the mind clarifies innate ideas

24
Q

Comte used the term sociology to describe:

A

the study of how different societies compared in terms of his proposed three stages of development

25
Q

All of the following were goals of the British empiricists and the French sensationalists except

a. to explain the mind as Newton had explained the physical world
b. to show that metaphysical speculation could not be abandoned when attempting to explain human behavior
c. to minimize or eliminate metaphysical speculation while explaining human psychology
d. to explain mental events in mechanistic terms

A

b. to show that metaphysical speculation could not be abandoned when attempting to explain human behavior

26
Q

Hume’s goal was to combine ____ with principles of ____ to create a science of human nature

A

empirical philosophy; Newtonian science

27
Q

Comte and Mach had in common the belief that:

A

metaphysical speculation must be avoided

28
Q

For Comte, we can be certain only of things that are:

A

publicly observable

29
Q

According to ____, when a person has a desire to move his arm, God is aware of this desire and moves the person’s arm

A

Malebranche

30
Q

The clearest distinction between rationalism and empiricism can be made with regard to the acceptance or rejection of

A

sensory information

31
Q

Who says “everything that is must necessarily be “

A

Spinoza

32
Q

For Leibniz, sensory experience was important because it

A

allowed the potential ideas within us to become actualized

33
Q

How did Mettrie explain physical world affecting brain?

A

Sensations and thoughts must be matter/motion

Materialism

34
Q

According to Mettrie, how do humans and animals differ?

A

Only by degree. Both are machinistic

35
Q

Mettrie’s view of God

A

World would be a better place if everyone accepted materialism and atheism

36
Q

According to Comte, what can we be sure of?

A

Only what is publicly observable

37
Q

What are society’s three stages and who came up with the idea?

A

theological, metaphysical, and scientific

Comte

38
Q

What were Comte’s two methods for studying the mind?

A

Phrenology and Behaviour

39
Q

How did Mach disagree with Comte?

A

Agreed with Hume and Berkeley that world could only be known through sensations, though agreed with Comte that should only be concerned with what is knowable with certainty

40
Q

(who) the absolute

A

hegel

41
Q

Anthropology (who/what)

A

Kant: Study of human behaviour

42
Q

Common sense philosophy

A

Reid: assume existence of physical world and human reasoning because it makes sense to do so

43
Q

direct realism

A

naïve realism

44
Q

Double Aspectism

A

Spinoza: All things are thinking matter

45
Q

How did hegel conceptualize Spinoza’s interrelated unity?

A

The interrelated nature of universe is the Absolute

46
Q

Herbart’s ideas about ideas

A

Ideas have energy and consciousness of their own, strive for consciousness in mind

47
Q

Kant’s ideas on thought and psych

A

Innate categories of thought

Psych isn’t mathematic and therefore not scientific

48
Q

Law of Continuity

A

Leibniz: No leaps or gaps in space and time

small gradations of movement

History of Psychology (9 decks)

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