Chapter 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epicurus believed all of the following except

a. the goal of life was happiness
b. people should avoid excesses
c. the soul left the body at death and was judged by God
d. reason and choice had to be exercised in order to live a balanced life

A

c. the soul left the body at death and was judged by God

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2
Q

The person who discovered that the retina, not the lens, is the light sensitive part of the eye and that inoculation might prevent disease was

A

Averroes

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3
Q

What did the Skeptics use as their guide(s) for living?

A

sensations, feelings, and convention

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4
Q

Abelard’s proposed compromise between nominalism (concepts summarize individual experience) and realism (once concepts are formed, they exist apart from individual experience), is called

A

conceptualism

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5
Q

All of the following were true of Aquinas’ theology except

a. it joined faith and reason
b. it made the study of nature respectable
c. it demonstrated that church dogma was debatable
d. it argued successfully that the Christian church should be as it had been described by St. Augustine

A

d. it argued successfully that the Christian church should be as it had been described by St. Augustine

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6
Q

The mystery religions that were influential in the early Roman Empire were characterized by all of the following except

a. secret rites
b. communion ceremonies
c. beliefs concerning death and rebirth
d. a belief in multiple Gods

A

d. a belief in multiple Gods

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7
Q

To remove inconsistencies in church dogma, Abelard used

A

the dialectic method

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8
Q

The major assumption made in the ontological argument for the existence of God is

A

if one can think of something, it must exist

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9
Q

According to St. Augustine, evil exists because:

A

humans chose it

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10
Q

Which of the following accepted a completely materialistic philosophy?

a. Zeno of Citium
b. the Epicureans
c. the Stoics
d. all of these choices

A

d. all of these choices

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11
Q

Who was the astronomer who suggested that the earth revolves around the sun 1,700 years before Copernicus?

A

Aristarchus of Samos

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12
Q

Bacon
Rational or empirical
What approach did he start?

A

Radical empiricism

Started positivism

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13
Q

Descartes believed all of the following about the mind except:

a. it was nonmaterial
b. it permeated the entire body
c. its existence could be logically demonstrated
d. it was possessed only by humans

A

c. its existence could be logically demonstrated

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14
Q

Martin Luther followed whose lead in criticizing the Catholic Church?

A

Erasmus

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15
Q

Galileo was among the first to conclude that:

A

a science of psychology (conscious experience) was impossible

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16
Q
Peter Abelard (significance)
Realism or nominalism
A

One of first phil-theo to emphasize Plato
Developed dialectic method
Realism- Do not confuse words with things
Conceptualism

17
Q

St Augustine on knowledge and choice

A

Comes from knowing God/introspecting, have choice between satan and God

18
Q

Internal Sense

A

St Augustine: Tells us how to act. When we deviate, guilt ensues

19
Q

Reconciliation of faith and reason (who)

A

Aquinas: made it possible to regard them seperately

20
Q

Occam Empiricist or rationalist

Realist or nominalist

A

Empiricist

Conceptualization

21
Q

ontological argument for existence of god (who/what)

A

Anselm

If we can think of him, he exists

22
Q

Who were involved in faith/reason reconciliation?

A

Anselm, Lombard, Abelard, Aquinas

23
Q

Zeno of Citium founded___

A

Stoicism

24
Q

Animal spirits (who)

A

Descartes

25
Q

Heliocentric view long before Copernicus (who)

A

Aristarchus of Samos

26
Q

Challenged church’s geocentric view

A

Copernicus

27
Q

Mechanistic view, mind and body are separate but interacting (mind permeates body), we have innate ideas

A

Descartes

28
Q

Where did Descartes think the mind influenced the body?

A

Pineal gland

29
Q

Descartes: Can we trust senses (why/why not)

A

Yes, because God gave them to us

30
Q

Primary secondary qualities (who)

A

Galileo

31
Q

Opposed fanaticism and criticised catholic church for its excesses

A

Erasmus

32
Q

Montaigne and Erasmus agreed on what?

A

Not different from animals

33
Q

Montaigne’s philosophical perspective

A

Extreme skepticism

34
Q

astronomer physicist who believed that perceptions are outside of objective reality

A

Galileo (psychology is impossible)

35
Q

Started deism

A

Newton

36
Q

Newton’s largest contribution

A

law of gravitation

37
Q

Newtonian principles

A
Deism
Natural laws
No purpose in natural laws
Understanding of natural laws is imperfect
classification is not explanation
Occam's Razor
38
Q

Induction and positivism (who)

A

Bacon

39
Q

Idols

A

Idols of cave
Idols of tribe
Idols of market
Idols of theater