Chapter 3-4 Flashcards
Epicurus believed all of the following except
a. the goal of life was happiness
b. people should avoid excesses
c. the soul left the body at death and was judged by God
d. reason and choice had to be exercised in order to live a balanced life
c. the soul left the body at death and was judged by God
The person who discovered that the retina, not the lens, is the light sensitive part of the eye and that inoculation might prevent disease was
Averroes
What did the Skeptics use as their guide(s) for living?
sensations, feelings, and convention
Abelard’s proposed compromise between nominalism (concepts summarize individual experience) and realism (once concepts are formed, they exist apart from individual experience), is called
conceptualism
All of the following were true of Aquinas’ theology except
a. it joined faith and reason
b. it made the study of nature respectable
c. it demonstrated that church dogma was debatable
d. it argued successfully that the Christian church should be as it had been described by St. Augustine
d. it argued successfully that the Christian church should be as it had been described by St. Augustine
The mystery religions that were influential in the early Roman Empire were characterized by all of the following except
a. secret rites
b. communion ceremonies
c. beliefs concerning death and rebirth
d. a belief in multiple Gods
d. a belief in multiple Gods
To remove inconsistencies in church dogma, Abelard used
the dialectic method
The major assumption made in the ontological argument for the existence of God is
if one can think of something, it must exist
According to St. Augustine, evil exists because:
humans chose it
Which of the following accepted a completely materialistic philosophy?
a. Zeno of Citium
b. the Epicureans
c. the Stoics
d. all of these choices
d. all of these choices
Who was the astronomer who suggested that the earth revolves around the sun 1,700 years before Copernicus?
Aristarchus of Samos
Bacon
Rational or empirical
What approach did he start?
Radical empiricism
Started positivism
Descartes believed all of the following about the mind except:
a. it was nonmaterial
b. it permeated the entire body
c. its existence could be logically demonstrated
d. it was possessed only by humans
c. its existence could be logically demonstrated
Martin Luther followed whose lead in criticizing the Catholic Church?
Erasmus
Galileo was among the first to conclude that:
a science of psychology (conscious experience) was impossible
Peter Abelard (significance) Realism or nominalism
One of first phil-theo to emphasize Plato
Developed dialectic method
Realism- Do not confuse words with things
Conceptualism
St Augustine on knowledge and choice
Comes from knowing God/introspecting, have choice between satan and God
Internal Sense
St Augustine: Tells us how to act. When we deviate, guilt ensues
Reconciliation of faith and reason (who)
Aquinas: made it possible to regard them seperately
Occam Empiricist or rationalist
Realist or nominalist
Empiricist
Conceptualization
ontological argument for existence of god (who/what)
Anselm
If we can think of him, he exists
Who were involved in faith/reason reconciliation?
Anselm, Lombard, Abelard, Aquinas
Zeno of Citium founded___
Stoicism
Animal spirits (who)
Descartes
Heliocentric view long before Copernicus (who)
Aristarchus of Samos
Challenged church’s geocentric view
Copernicus
Mechanistic view, mind and body are separate but interacting (mind permeates body), we have innate ideas
Descartes
Where did Descartes think the mind influenced the body?
Pineal gland
Descartes: Can we trust senses (why/why not)
Yes, because God gave them to us
Primary secondary qualities (who)
Galileo
Opposed fanaticism and criticised catholic church for its excesses
Erasmus
Montaigne and Erasmus agreed on what?
Not different from animals
Montaigne’s philosophical perspective
Extreme skepticism
astronomer physicist who believed that perceptions are outside of objective reality
Galileo (psychology is impossible)
Started deism
Newton
Newton’s largest contribution
law of gravitation
Newtonian principles
Deism Natural laws No purpose in natural laws Understanding of natural laws is imperfect classification is not explanation Occam's Razor
Induction and positivism (who)
Bacon
Idols
Idols of cave
Idols of tribe
Idols of market
Idols of theater
