Chapter 80: Antiviral Agents Flashcards
viral infections
virus attach to host cell receptor -> viral DNA/RNA uses cell to replicate
Virus need living host to survive and replicate
Tiny organism that causes an infection in the body
Replicates with DNA or RNA
Spreads in many ways
Can affect any part of the body
Diagnoses usually based on symptoms
Best way to treat is symptomatic
Not treated with antibiotics*
Treat with Anti viral medications
Viruses only attack one type of cell
Ex. RV only affects upper airway infection
corona virus
7 different strains
Herpes and Varicella
8 types- 3 clinically significant
HSV 1- eye, cold sores, on trigeminal nerve (lays dormant there)
HSV 2- typically STD
Varicella zoster: chicken pox and shingles
Treatment herpes and varicella
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir = Better but expensive. Take TID instead of 5 times a day. Excellent penetration.
-cyclovir drugs
MOA: Inhibits DNA and incorporates into viral DNA
SE: N/V/D
Nephrotoxicity (Crystals in Kidney)
Gingival hyperplasia
herpes zoster and dermatomes
HZ follows dermatomal distribution
trigeminal ~13% -> see s/sx on face
cervical ~14% -> see neck s/sx
thoracic ~ 50% -> See truck s/sx
lumbar ~13% -> see lower back s/sx
flu prevention
Primary strategy for prevention is:
Vaccine. (covers AAB)
Flu A is seasonal flu –infects humans and animals. Only flu that can cause pandemic
Flu B is season flu –generally only effects humans. Mutates slower
flu tx
Four drugs currently available
Most Common:
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) PO
MOA: Inhibits influenza neuraminidase (stop viral replication)
Act against both influenza A and B
Use: Prophylaxis for influenza. Start within 48 hrs of symptom onset
SE: N/V/D, headache
COVID 19 tx
Remdesivir
MOA: Inhibits RNA viral replication
AR:
Nausea
ALT or AST elevation
Hyperglycemia
Increased PT
Monitor:
Renal function, LFTs, PT at baseline
