Chapter 79: Antifungal Agents Flashcards
Fungal Infection
Of the thousands of species of fungi, there are only a few that can cause disease or discomfort in people.
Relatively rare in healthy persons because of immune systems. However, serious fungal diseases frequently occur in immunocompromised patients. Opportunistic
Uncontrolled HIV infection
Cancer treatments (e.g. chemotherapy)
Diabetes
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressant’s
Prolonged courses of antibiotics.
Can cause anything from minor skin conditions to life-threatening diseases.
Fungi can produce systemic and superficial mycosis
Systemic: affect internal organs (e.g. lungs, blood, heart, brain, kidneys and liver),
Superficial: affect the skin, nails and hair.
Yeast, molds, mushrooms
Athlete’s Foot(Tinea Pedis)
fungal infection of the feet with itching, scaling and redness.
Can be caused by a number of different fungi, including: Trichophyton, Epidermophytonand
Microsporum.
Often found in dark, moist places like gym, shower, mats
Common superficial mycosis (Ringworm)
Athlete’s Foot(Tinea Pedis)
Skin (Tinea Corporis)
Tinea Capitis
Skin (Tinea Corporis)
can appear in the form of a red or silver rash anywhere on the body. It is usually ring-shaped and is most commonly caused by the fungusTrichophyton rubrum.
Tinea Capitis
ringworm that affects the scalp. Hair wont grow where fungus is.
Onychomycosis
Fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails
It can cause pain, discomfort and disfigurement.
Caused by various fungal organisms, the most common being dermatophyte. Yeast and molds also cause nail infections.
Tinea Versicolor
common condition that causes small patchesof skin to become scaly and discolored.
They can be darker or lighter than the surrounding skin, or even red or pink.
Caused by a yeast called Malassezia, which lives on the skin of most people without causing any problems.
Candidiasis
common in people who are obese or have diabetes.
Antibiotics (esp long term), steroid therapy and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous Candidiasis.
Can cause:
Infections of the nails
Infections of the corners of the mouth
Oral thrush (a form of infection of the moist lining of the mouth)
Vaginal yeast infections
Seen in skin rolls –gets warm and damp
Opportunistic Infection
infections that develop as a result of damage to the immune system
these infections take advantage of the opportunity provided by a weakened immune system
infections tend to appear at predictable stages of immune deterioration
types of OI
isosporiasis, CMV, candidasis, toxoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis, TB, microsporidiosos, mycobacterium avium complex, histoplasmosis, HSV-1m salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis
Nystatin
Used purely for candidiasis, oropharyngeal, intestinal
“Swish and Swallow”
SE: N/V/D (PO)
Azoles
Fluconazole (Diflucan): Candida, oropharyngeal, vaginal, systemic
Can treat any yeast infection
Itraconazole: Systemic, onychomycosis (finger/toenails)
Ketoconazole: Candida and Skin
Can come in shampoo form
Miconazole: topical (tinea) and vagina candida
Monostat sold OTC
Voriconazole: Severe Systemic Fungal Infection
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin): Skin (tinea), vaginal candida
Sold OTC
SE: N/V/D
Taste changes
headache
Adverse Rx = Hepatoxicity (No alcohol!) -PO
Miscellaneous Antifungals
Micafungin (Mycamine) = Systemic Candida
Terbinafine (Lamisil) =Topical Antifungal
OTC
Skin fungus
See commonly outpt
