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PPR > Chapter 8 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Behavioral approach

A

An approach to motivation that emphasizes the role of rewards and punishment in motivating people’s actions

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1
Q

Attribution theory

A

States that a person’s beliefs about the cause of his or her successes and/or failures influence motivation

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2
Q

Classroom discussion model

A

A teaching strategy in which students read and/or listen while designing questions of their own at three levels of thinking (factual, interpretive, and evaluative)

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3
Q

Cognitive approach

A

An approach to motivation that emphasizes people’s innate desire to make sense of their world

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4
Q

Convergent questions

A

Questions that have only a set of correct answers, usually recalled from facts

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5
Q

Deductive strategy

A

A lesson that begins with the teacher giving students information, followed by students applying the concepts in guided and independent practice

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6
Q

Deficiency needs

A

The four lower-level needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (survival, safety, belonging, and esteem)

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7
Q

Discovery learning

A

A lesson model in which information is not given in a direct or explicit way to students-they must discover themselves through inquiry of an inductive approach

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8
Q

Discussion

A

Teacher-student and student-student directed interaction; discussions must be planned in advance to ensure that all students participate, that there are higher levels of thinking, and so forth

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9
Q

Disequilibrium

A

A mental in the balance between a one’s cognitive schemas and information from the environment when new input is at odds with current knowledge

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10
Q

Divergent questions

A

Open-ended questions that can have many answers

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11
Q

Equilibrium

A

A mental balance that humans seek between cognitive schemes and information from the environment

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12
Q

External locus of control

A

Belief that one’s successes and failures are caused by outside environmental factors over which one has little or no control

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13
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation stemming from the introduction of outside environmental factors

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14
Q

Metacognitive skills

A

Thinking about one’s thinking

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15
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

A model of motivation based on seven levels of human needs

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16
Q

Learning goals

A

Goals that focus on the end product of complete learning or mastery

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17
Q

Learner-centered

A

A teaching approach that creates active learners by placing the focus of instruction directly on the needs of the learner

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18
Q

Learned helplessness

A

The expectation, based on a previous experiences, that all efforts to succeed will fail

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19
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation stemming from within the person; activities are seen as their own reward

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20
Q

Internal locus of control

A

The belief that one’s successes and failures are caused by one’s own ability or effort

21
Q

Instructional strategy

A

A method of instructing that meets the needs, goals, and objectives of learners

22
Q

Instability

A

A characteristic of a situation that is perceived to be changeable

23
Q

Inductive strategy

A

Instruction that begins with the curious event, scenario, questions, or unknown and then moves to known or finding the answer

24
Q

Humanistic approach

A

An approach to motivation that emphasizes people’s innate desire to improve themselves

25
Q

Halt time

A

Stopping the forward motion of the lesson completely to give students some time to digest the material

26
Q

Growth needs

A

The three higher-level needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

27
Q

Wait time

A

The time a teacher waits between asking a question and calling on a student

28
Q

Teacher-centered

A

Describes lessons in which the teacher and parts information, and the learners are passive receivers of knowledge

29
Q

Teacher-as-guide

A

A role in which the teacher mediate and adjusts to help students obtain information on their own

30
Q

Teacher-as-facilitator

A

A role in which the teacher provides a structure for learning and then help when there are questions or stumbling blocks

31
Q

Teacher-as-coach

A

A role in which the teacher gives immediate feedback in encouragement to students as new skills are attempted

32
Q

Models of teaching

A

Instructional strategies created for a particular purpose in which many subject areas can be employed within the framework of the month

33
Q

Monitoring

A

Constantly gaining feedback from students about how their learning is progressing in order to make decisions about proceeding with the current lesson are we teaching the material before meeting on further

34
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removing something that is disliked or distasteful which results in the increase of a behavior

35
Q

Pacing

A

The feel of the movement in time of the lesson

36
Q

Performance goals

A

Goals based on doing well at one particular timeframe

37
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Giving something that is valued that results in an increase of a behavior

38
Q

Presentation punishment

A

Introducing or presenting something disliked or distasteful which results in a decrease of a behavior

39
Q

Punishment

A

A penalty or consequences that result in the decrease of the behavior

40
Q

Reinforcement

A

A reward that results in the increase of a behavior

41
Q

Removal punishment

A

Taking away something pleasurable or desired which results in the decrease of the behavior

42
Q

Risk-free environment

A

A place or situation in which one feels secure enough to take chances

43
Q

Role-play

A

Becoming specific people or placing oneself in a particular situation and acting as if the scenario were actually happening

44
Q

Selective attention

A

The ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring others that are superfluous

45
Q

Self-concept

A

One’s perception of oneself and one’s abilities

46
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The belief that one is capable of accomplishing something

47
Q

Self-esteem

A

How one feels about one’ s own self-concept or perceptions of self

48
Q

Simulation

A

A type of scenario that involves abstraction from the real world and in which roles are often established and skills are used to work for through a process to a goal

49
Q

Stability

A

A characteristic of a situation that is perceived to be unchangeable

50
Q

Teacher-as-audience

A

A role in which the teacher is an observer when a student product is completed and then demonstrated, explained, or performed by students

PPR (11 decks)

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