Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPR > Chapter 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Adaptation

A

The adjustment of existing knowledge structures through either of the two processes of assimilation or accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Accommodation

A

A process by which one learns new info by creating an entirely new knowledge structure(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by very limited food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating new knowledge into existing knowledge frames

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Assisted Learning

A

The process a teacher might use when providing scaffolding within a student’s zone of proximal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt” Stage

A

Erikson’s second stage; where children who are given developmentally appropriate tasks to try by themselves develop a growing sense of independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bulimia

A

An eating disorder characterized by over-eating and then purging the food by self-induced vomiting or laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Centration

A

Young children are only able to focus upon one aspect or characteristic when organizing or sorting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classification

A

Groupings objects with common characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Changes in mental and intellectual processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Piaget’s third stage; characterized by the ability to consider more than one aspect of an object or problem, conserve and classify, and demonstrate the concept of seriation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conservation

A

The realization that a change in the appearance of an object does not necessarily change the characteristics of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Constructivist Theories

A

Belief that children are not passive in the learning process; each learner constantly and actively seeks info and meshes old knowledge with new to make it meaningful in building or constructing his or her own knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conventional Moral Reasoning

A

The focus of choosing a course of moral action is on gaining the approval of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Development

A

The systematic and lasting changes that take place over the course of the human life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)

A

Teaching in a way that considers the capabilities of the child in his or her current developmental stage; providing learning experiences that lead to optimal success at each child’s developmental level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disequilibrium

A

Occurs when dissonance after an interaction with the environment is not consistent with one’s prior representations, beliefs, or knowledge of events or objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Egocentrism

A

The inability of young children to take the perspective of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Equilibration

A

The constant innate search for a balance between that we already know and a new activity, skill, or social experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A

The development and use of finely-tuned, small muscle movements that develop after gross motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Piaget’s cognitive development; covering ages 11-adult; characterized by the ability to deal with abstract concepts without concrete representations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A

The development and use of large muscles of the body and large body movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Guided Participation

A

The process that a teacher might use when providing scaffolding within a student’s zone of proximal development

23
Q

Imaginary audience

A

Older children’s belief that everyone is as concerned about their behavior and appearance as they are; everything that happens to them is “seen” by everyone else

24
Q

Identity vs. role confusion stage

A

Erikson’s fifth psychosocial stage; adolescents seek to discover “who they are”

25
Q

Industry vs. inferiority stage

A

Erikson’s 4th stage; children (6-12) attempt to develop the academic and social skills and abilities needed for successful societal and social interaction

26
Q

Information processing

A

Suggests that the development of cognitive processes occurs through more gradual processes involving increased capability and capacity of attention, learning strategies, knowledge, and metacognition

27
Q

“Initiative vs. guilt” stage

A

Erikson’s third stage; children ages 3-6 of age test their independence and explore their environment as they master language and cognitive and social skills

28
Q

Maturation

A

Internally determined change

29
Q

Metacognitive ability

A

The ability to think that one’s own cognitive thinking processes and to use this process to facilitate learning

30
Q

Organization

A

Continual process of arranging and connecting information, objects, and events within meaningful mental systems

31
Q

Personal Fable

A

Adolescents’ belief that they are special in the sense of being unique, invulnerable, and omnipotent, so few can understand

32
Q

Physical development

A

Changes in the human body that are dependent, to a large extent, on genes

33
Q

Preconventional Moral Reasoning

A

The first level of moral reasoning described by Kohlberg, where right or wrong is decided by the consequences received after an action

34
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Piaget’s second stage; ages 2-7; it marks the transition to symbolic thought characterized by the child’s focus on a single aspect of a situation while ignoring other aspects and the child’s ability to think operations through in one direction but not the reverse

35
Q

Prepubescense

A

The period of life immediately before puberty, often marked by accelerated physical growth

36
Q

Private Speech

A

Vygotsky’s term for young children’s talking themselves through tasks aloud; this develops as we grow older into mentally “talking ourselves through” tasks

37
Q

Psychomotor Domain

A

The stages in which children master skills

38
Q

Psychosocial Theory

A

Erikson’s stage theory that relates to stages of psychological and social principles; during their lifetimes, humans may go through up to 8 stages

39
Q

Puberty

A

The stage of adolescence in which an individual becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction

40
Q

Readiness

A

The assessment of a student’s potential ability to complete new tasks

41
Q

Reflectivity

A

The tendency to think about what is going on in one’s own mind, to study oneself, and to judge one’s actions

42
Q

Scaffolding

A

Guidance and support in new learning from adults or peers that is gradually withdrawn from the learner as competence improves

43
Q

Schema (schemata)

A

According to Piaget, building blocks of thought that enable us to understand our world and help guide our interactions with objects and events

44
Q

Self-concept

A

Conscious, cognitive perception by individuals of themselves

45
Q

Self-esteem

A

The value humans place on their own particular characteristics, behaviors, and abilities

46
Q

Self-talk

A

The oral directions children often give themselves while working through a task

47
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

Piaget’s 1st stage for birth-2 years; primary accomplishments during this period include understanding that objects exist, even when they are not in sight or sound range, imitation of the actions of others, the combination of simple actions into more complex routines, and evidence of goal-directed behaviors or intentional behaviors or intentional behaviors tied to physical actions

48
Q

Seriation

A

Ability to arrange objects in an orderly fashion using a quantitative dimension

49
Q

Social development

A

Occurs as mans interact with others, although inherent personality and/or physical traits may influence the nature of these interactions

50
Q

Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operational
  4. Formal Operational
51
Q

Stages of Moral Reasoning

A

Levels of thinking processes related to judgment of right or wrong

52
Q

Strategies

A

Specific ways of studying used by students to help them learn

53
Q

“Trust vs. Mistrust” Stage

A

Erikson’s first stage; without appropriate caregiving during birth to 3 years, children can develop mistrust of other human beings

54
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

The difference between intellectual tasks that children can perform alone and those that they can perform with the assistance of an adult or a more skilled peer; the place in learning at which a child could succeed with help but cannot yet succeed alone

PPR (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions