Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
Acculturation
Successful application of new knowledge and use of new norms from another culture while retaining one’s own native culture and language
Ability Groups
Grouping where all children in a small group are at the same academic level; too often, this type of placement results in ethnic tracking
Additive Approach
2nd of four approaches by James Banks regarding multicultural education; the teacher adds information about other cultures into the standard curriculum without altering the curriculum
Assimilation-Culture
Taking on ways of dominant culture at the expense of losing ways of one’s native culture and language
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
As a language learner, being able to use conversational, everyday language
Biases
Unfair preferences or prejudices toward particular groups of people
Bidialectism
Being able to speak a home/casual or a school/business English dialect when each is appropriate
Bilingual
Being able to speak two languages with the facility of a native speaker
Biracial
People whose ancestors are from two different racial groups
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
As a language learner, being able to use a language for abstract, academic purposes (can from 5-7 years)
Contributions Approach
The first/lowest level of four approaches to multicultural education by James Banks; teachers adds ethnic or cultural information as an appendage to the standard curriculum
Cultural Deprivation
Assuming incorrectly that students have no culture and that is why they do poorly in school; all children have a culture-although it may be different than the culture of school
Culturally Relevant Teaching (CRT)
A theory that underscores teaching practices grounded in the understanding of culture and experiences that shape students’ ways of knowing the world
Culture
A way of life; the habits, values, norms, and attitudes of a group of people
Dialect
A regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabularym grammar, and pronunciation
Differently Abled
A term used to describe exceptional students or students with special needs who accomplish tasks in ways different from most other students
Digital Divide
Term used to describe the difference in access to technology between more affluent and less affluent children
Discrimination
The use of negative responses or actions or the absence those that are positive that can deny success for certain groups of students
Dual Language Program
A program in which both English speaking children and ELL children have instructions in both English and a second language so that all students are learning in two languages
Empowerment
One’s personal belief that the factors that make up his or her identity are vital contributions to society
English as a Second Language
A program or category pertaining to students whose native language is not English but who are learning English for academic purposes
English Language Learner
The current term used to describe a child who is learning English as a second language
Ethnicity
A shared national heritage
Ethnocentric
Describes actions wherein people view their own cultural group characteristics as correct or superior and the ways of other groups as odd or inferior
Exceptionalities
Attributes that make a child different from most others; in schools, this normally refers to children with special needs or those labeled as differently abled and who received special education benefits
Funds of Knowledge
Knowledge, skills, and experiences that families and communities practice that, when recognized by teachers, can enhance learning
Generalization
Flexible conclusions about characteristics of a group with the understanding that not everyone in that group shares those characteristics
Hidden Curriculum
What students learn that their teacher does not explicitly teach
Human/Student Diversity
Areas of distinction for identifying various groups
Inclusion
An approach in which children with exceptionalities need are placed in educational settings with children without exceptionalities and receive services along side of them
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Children who are differently abled are required by law to be placed in regular classrooms to the greatest extent possible
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
An older term used to describe children learning English as a second language; it was criticized for emphasizing the negative rather than the positive
Macro culture
A large cultural group
Maintenance Program
A program for bilingual children that emphasizes language development in both the first and second languages
Melting Pot
Metaphor for many cultures blending together so that each one loses its original identity and becomes something new
Micro Culture
A small cultural group
Minority Group
A part of the total population that has different characteristics than most others and that often is treated differently than others
Monocultural
Of only one culture
Multicultural
Of more than one culture
Multiracial
People whose ancestors are from three or more different racial groups
Physically Challenged
Those who possess some type of bodily condition that prevents them from performing certain actions such as walking, speaking, hearing, or seeing
Pluralism
An aspect of a society where many different cultural groups are valued and respected and share power
Prejudice
The mindset and resulting action that consistently thrusts negative responses on a particular person or group of people
Pullout ELL (ESL) Program
A program in which they are placed in regular classes for most of their day but are pulled out for special instruction in English
Race
The association of skin color or other inherited physical characteristics with a person’s identity; many prefer the term ethnicity
Salad Bowl
Metaphor for many cultures blending together so that each one retains its original identity while simultaneously becoming part of something new
Sheltered English Program
A plan in which second language children are placed in classes were content is taught in modified English
Social Action Approach
The fourth and highest level of four approaches to multicultural education defined by James Banks; in which the teacher encourages the multicultural curriculum to be part of the children’s lives so that they are actively engaged in it
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Term referring to one’s economic or financial status, each of which has “hidden rules”
Stereotyping
The assumption that certain beliefs based on skin color or other forms of physical, religious, or other cultural identifiers are true of all people of that group
Transformative Approach
The third of four approaches to multicultural education defined by James Banks; in which the teacher involves students in viewpoints and frames of reference from different cultures that are integrated into the curriculum so that the curriculum is changed. This approach helps children understand the complexity of our society.
Transitional Program
A plan in which the native language of English language learners is used in instruction along with English until the instruction can be given only in English
