Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

The idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 3

Drive reduction theory

Question 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect or body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

A positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 5

Incentive

Question 6

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs to become active

Answer 6

Hierarchy of needs

Question 7

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this way, an increase in hunger in a lowered metallic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Answer 8

Set point

Question 9

The body resting rate of energy expenditure

Answer 9

Basal metabolic rate

Question 10

And eating disorder in which a person diets and become significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Answer 10

Anorexia nervosa

Question 11

And eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Answer 11

Bulimia nervosa

Question 12

Significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, discussed, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

Answer 12

Binge eating disorder

Question 13

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Answer 13

Sexual response cycle

Question 14

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 14

Refractory period

Question 15

Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males in contributing to female sex characteristics

Answer 15

Estrogens

Question 16

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

Answer 17

Sexual orientation